| Source: |
| Type: |
| Also known as CP32. Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) is a common key protein in the apoptosis and pyroptosis pathways, and when activated, the expression level of tumor suppressor gene Gasdermin E (GSDME) determines the mechanism of tumor cell death. As a key protein of apoptosis, caspase-3 can also cleave GSDME and induce pyroptosis. Loss of caspase activity is an important cause of tumor progression. Many anticancer strategies rely on the promotion of apoptosis in cancer cells as a means to shrink tumors. Crucial for apoptotic function are executioner caspases, most notably caspase-3, that proteolyze a variety of proteins, inducing cell death. Paradoxically, overexpression of procaspase-3 (PC-3), the low-activity zymogen precursor to caspase-3, has been reported in a variety of cancer types. Until recently, this counterintuitive overexpression of a pro-apoptotic protein in cancer has been puzzling. Recent studies suggest subapoptotic caspase-3 activity may promote oncogenic transformation, a possible explanation for the enigmatic overexpression of PC-3. Herein, the overexpression of PC-3 in cancer and its mechanistic basis is reviewed; collectively, the data suggest the potential for exploitation of PC-3 overexpression with PC-3 activators as a targeted anticancer strategy. Caspase 3 is the main effector caspase and has a key role in apoptosis. In many types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer, caspase-3 expression is reduced or absent. On the other hand, some studies have shown that high levels of caspase-3 expression can be associated with a better prognosis in certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer. This suggests that caspase-3 may play a role in the elimination of cancer cells, and that therapies aimed at activating caspase-3 may be effective in treating certain types of cancer. Procaspase-3 is a apoptotic marker protein. Prognostic significance: • High Cas3 expression: Associated with good prognosis and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy in breast, gastric, lung, and pancreatic cancers. • Low Cas3 expression: Linked to poor prognosis and increased risk of recurrence in colorectal, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian, and prostate cancers. |
| 2830- | FIS, | Biological effects and mechanisms of fisetin in cancer: a promising anti-cancer agent |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 2838- | FIS, | Fisetin induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells by suppressing autophagy and down-regulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) |
| 2839- | FIS, | Dietary flavonoid fisetin for cancer prevention and treatment |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 2841- | FIS, | Fisetin, an Anti-Inflammatory Agent, Overcomes Radioresistance by Activating the PERK-ATF4-CHOP Axis in Liver Cancer |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | RAW264.7 | - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 | - | in-vitro, | Liver, | Hep3B | - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HUH7 |
| 2843- | FIS, | Fisetin and Quercetin: Promising Flavonoids with Chemopreventive Potential |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 2832- | FIS, | Fisetin's Promising Antitumor Effects: Uncovering Mechanisms and Targeting for Future Therapies |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 6981- | Form, | Formononetin: a review of its source, pharmacology, drug combination, toxicity, derivatives, and drug delivery systems |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA | - | Review, | PSA, | NA |
| 6982- | Form, | Formononetin: A Review of Its Anticancer Potentials and Mechanisms |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 6984- | Form, | Formononetin suppresses colitis-associated colon cancer by targeting lipid synthesis and mTORC2/Akt signaling |
| - | in-vitro, | Colon, | HCT116 | - | Review, | IBD, | RAW264.7 |
| 6986- | Form, | Anti-angiogenesis Function of Ononin via Suppressing the MEK/Erk Signaling Pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | NA, | NA |
| 6988- | Form, | Formononetin ameliorates high glucose‑induced endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HUVECs |
| 6970- | Form, | Formononetin, an isoflavone from Astragalus membranaceus inhibits proliferation and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Ovarian, | NA |
| 6966- | Form, | Formononetin-induced oxidative stress abrogates the activation of STAT3/5 signaling axis and suppresses the tumor growth in multiple myeloma preclinical model |
| - | NA, | MM, | NA |
| 6967- | Form, | BTZ, | Formononetin Regulates Multiple Oncogenic Signaling Cascades and Enhances Sensitivity to Bortezomib in a Multiple Myeloma Mouse Model |
| - | in-vivo, | Melanoma, | U266 | - | in-vivo, | Melanoma, | RPMI-8226 |
| 7009- | Fuc, | Effects of Fucoidan and Chemotherapeutic Agent Combinations on Malignant and Non-malignant Breast Cell Lines |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF7 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | MCF12A |
| 7006- | Fuc, | Seaweeds in the Oncology Arena: Anti-Cancer Potential of Fucoidan as a Drug—A Review |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1155- | Fuc, | The anti-cancer effects of fucoidan: a review of both in vivo and in vitro investigations |
| - | Review, | NA, | NA |
| 1300- | GA, | PacT, | carbop, | Gallic acid potentiates the apoptotic effect of paclitaxel and carboplatin via overexpression of Bax and P53 on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF7 |
| 1086- | GA, | Anti-leukemic effects of gallic acid on human leukemia K562 cells: downregulation of COX-2, inhibition of BCR/ABL kinase and NF-κB inactivation |
| - | in-vitro, | AML, | K562 |
| 7035- | GA, | Gallic acid attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in Caco-2 cells by suppressing the activation of the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | IBD, | Caco-2 |
| 7037- | GA, | Chit, | Gallic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles enhance the DNA damage and apoptotic features through inhibiting flap endonuclease-1 in triple-negative breast cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 |
| 7040- | GA, | Effects of gallic acid on acrylamide-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in rats |
| - | Trial, | AD, | NA |
| 7049- | GA, | Pharmacological effects of gallic acid in health and diseases: A mechanistic review |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 7029- | GA, | Gallic acid induces G1 phase arrest and apoptosis of triple-negative breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/p21/p27 axis |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | HS587T | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | MCF10 |
| 5205- | Gallo, | Evaluation of the anti-tumor effects of lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor galloflavin in endometrial cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Endo, | ISH |
| 5152- | GamB, | Gambogic Acid as a Candidate for Cancer Therapy: A Review |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 5148- | GamB, | Gambogic acid: A shining natural compound to nanomedicine for cancer therapeutics |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 5149- | GamB, | Gambogic acid induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by modulation of Bcl-2 and Bax in mantle cell lymphoma JeKo-1 cells |
| - | in-vitro, | lymphoma, | JeKo-1 |
| 5151- | GamB, | Gambogic acid affects ESCC progression through regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | ESCC, | KYSE-30 | - | in-vitro, | ESCC, | KYSE450 |
| 1959- | GamB, | Gambogic acid induces GSDME dependent pyroptotic signaling pathway via ROS/P53/Mitochondria/Caspase-3 in ovarian cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Ovarian, | NA | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 1961- | GamB, | Effects of gambogic acid on the activation of caspase-3 and downregulation of SIRT1 in RPMI-8226 multiple myeloma cells via the accumulation of ROS |
| - | in-vitro, | Melanoma, | RPMI-8226 |
| 1967- | GamB, | Gambogic acid induces apoptotic cell death in T98G glioma cells |
| - | in-vitro, | GBM, | T98G |
| 7065- | GamB, | Gambogic acid: A review of its pharmacological mechanisms against cancer |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 7060- | GamB, | New targets for the antitumor activity of gambogic acid in hematologic malignancies |
| - | Review, | Melanoma, | RPMI-8226 |
| 7059- | GamB, | Gambogic acid inhibits growth, induces apoptosis, and overcomes drug resistance in human colorectal cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT15 |
| 7067- | GamB, | Gambogic Acid and Its Role in Chronic Diseases |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 811- | GAR, | Garcinol exhibits anti-proliferative activities by targeting microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in human colon cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HT-29 |
| 808- | GAR, | CUR, | Synergistic effect of garcinol and curcumin on antiproliferative and apoptotic activity in pancreatic cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | Bxpc-3 | - | in-vitro, | PC, | PANC1 |
| 805- | GAR, | Cisplatin, | PacT, | Garcinol Exhibits Anti-Neoplastic Effects by Targeting Diverse Oncogenic Factors in Tumor Cells |
| - | Review, | NA, | NA |
| 821- | GAR, | Garcinol inhibits cell growth in hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells through induction of ROS-dependent apoptosis |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | Hep3B |
| 823- | GAR, | Garcinol Potentiates TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis through Modulation of Death Receptors and Antiapoptotic Proteins |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF7 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | MCF10 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 |
| 831- | GAR, | CUR, | Induction of apoptosis by garcinol and curcumin through cytochrome c release and activation of caspases in human leukemia HL-60 cells |
| - | in-vitro, | AML, | HL-60 |
| 828- | GAR, | Cisplatin, | Garcinol Alone and in Combination With Cisplatin Affect Cellular Behavior and PI3K/AKT Protein Phosphorylation in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Ovarian, | OVCAR-3 |
| 795- | GAR, | Garcinol—A Natural Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitor and New Anti-Cancer Epigenetic Drug |
| - | Review, | NA, | NA |
| 7214- | GAs, | Ginkgolic Acid Suppresses Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Growth by Inducing Apoptosis and Inhibiting AKT/NF-κB Signaling |
| - | vitro+vivo, | NPC, | CNE2 |
| 7233- | GAs, | Antitumor effects of ginkgolic acid in human cancer cell occur via cell cycle arrest and decrease the Bcl-2/Bax ratio to induce apoptosis |
| - | in-vitro, | Laryn, | HEp2 |
| 7212- | GBE, | The Use of Ginkgo Biloba L. as a Neuroprotective Agent in the Alzheimer’s Disease |
| - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 7226- | GBE, | Ginkgo biloba exocarp extracts induces apoptosis in Lewis lung cancer cells involving MAPK signaling pathways |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Lung, | NA |
| 3723- | GBE, | Can We Use Ginkgo biloba Extract to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease? Lessons from Preclinical and Clinical Studies |
| - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 6567- | Ger, | Geraniin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis through inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway in human colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo |
| - | vitro+vivo, | CRC, | SW480 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HT29 |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:% IllCat:% CanType:% Cells:% prod#:% Target#:42 State#:% Dir#:%
wNotes=0 sortOrder:rid,rpid