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| Also known as CP32. Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) is a common key protein in the apoptosis and pyroptosis pathways, and when activated, the expression level of tumor suppressor gene Gasdermin E (GSDME) determines the mechanism of tumor cell death. As a key protein of apoptosis, caspase-3 can also cleave GSDME and induce pyroptosis. Loss of caspase activity is an important cause of tumor progression. Many anticancer strategies rely on the promotion of apoptosis in cancer cells as a means to shrink tumors. Crucial for apoptotic function are executioner caspases, most notably caspase-3, that proteolyze a variety of proteins, inducing cell death. Paradoxically, overexpression of procaspase-3 (PC-3), the low-activity zymogen precursor to caspase-3, has been reported in a variety of cancer types. Until recently, this counterintuitive overexpression of a pro-apoptotic protein in cancer has been puzzling. Recent studies suggest subapoptotic caspase-3 activity may promote oncogenic transformation, a possible explanation for the enigmatic overexpression of PC-3. Herein, the overexpression of PC-3 in cancer and its mechanistic basis is reviewed; collectively, the data suggest the potential for exploitation of PC-3 overexpression with PC-3 activators as a targeted anticancer strategy. Caspase 3 is the main effector caspase and has a key role in apoptosis. In many types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer, caspase-3 expression is reduced or absent. On the other hand, some studies have shown that high levels of caspase-3 expression can be associated with a better prognosis in certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer. This suggests that caspase-3 may play a role in the elimination of cancer cells, and that therapies aimed at activating caspase-3 may be effective in treating certain types of cancer. Procaspase-3 is a apoptotic marker protein. Prognostic significance: • High Cas3 expression: Associated with good prognosis and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy in breast, gastric, lung, and pancreatic cancers. • Low Cas3 expression: Linked to poor prognosis and increased risk of recurrence in colorectal, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian, and prostate cancers. |
| 7466- | HNK, | PDT, | MET, | Enhanced integrated therapy for breast cancer employing Honokiol-loaded mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles in conjunction with photothermal effects and low-dose metformin |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | NA |
| 2879- | HNK, | Honokiol Inhibits Lung Tumorigenesis through Inhibition of Mitochondrial Function |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | H226 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 2881- | HNK, | Honokiol Suppressed Pancreatic Cancer Progression via miR-101/Mcl-1 Axis |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | PANC1 |
| 2883- | HNK, | Honokiol targets mitochondria to halt cancer progression and metastasis |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 2868- | HNK, | Honokiol: A review of its pharmacological potential and therapeutic insights |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | Sepsis, | NA |
| 2867- | HNK, | Honokiol ameliorates oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis of c2c12 myoblasts by ROS generation and mitochondrial pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | C2C12 |
| 2865- | HNK, | Liposomal Honokiol induces ROS-mediated apoptosis via regulation of ERK/p38-MAPK signaling and autophagic inhibition in human medulloblastoma |
| - | in-vitro, | MB, | DAOY | - | vitro+vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 2864- | HNK, | Honokiol: A Review of Its Anticancer Potential and Mechanisms |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 2885- | HNK, | Honokiol: a novel natural agent for cancer prevention and therapy |
| 2894- | HNK, | Pharmacological features, health benefits and clinical implications of honokiol |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 1286- | HNK, | The natural product honokiol induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells |
| - | in-vitro, | CLL, | NA |
| 1153- | HNK, | Honokiol Eliminates Glioma/Glioblastoma Stem Cell-Like Cells via JAK-STAT3 Signaling and Inhibits Tumor Progression by Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor |
| - | in-vitro, | GBM, | U251 | - | in-vitro, | GBM, | U87MG | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 2073- | HNK, | Honokiol induces apoptosis and autophagy via the ROS/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in human osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo |
| - | in-vitro, | OS, | U2OS | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 4238- | HNK, | Neuropharmacological potential of honokiol and its derivatives from Chinese herb Magnolia species: understandings from therapeutic viewpoint |
| - | Review, | AD, | NA | - | NA, | Park, | NA |
| 4659- | HNK, | Honokiol Eliminates Human Oral Cancer Stem-Like Cells Accompanied with Suppression of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and Apoptosis Induction |
| - | in-vitro, | Oral, | NA |
| 5052- | HPT, | Hyperthermia Induces Apoptosis through Endoplasmic Reticulum and Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Osteosarcoma Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | OS, | U2OS |
| 4640- | HT, | The anti-cancer potential of hydroxytyrosol |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4212- | Hup, | Huperzine A Alleviates Oxidative Glutamate Toxicity in Hippocampal HT22 Cells via Activating BDNF/TrkB-Dependent PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HT22 |
| 4209- | Hup, | Huperzine A, reduces brain iron overload and alleviates cognitive deficit in mice exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia |
| - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 7569- | HYP, | Inhibitory effects of hyperoside on lung cancer by inducing apoptosis and suppressing inflammatory response via caspase-3 and NF-κB signaling pathway |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Lung, | A549 |
| 7557- | HYP, | Hyperoside protects the blood-brain barrier from neurotoxicity of amyloid beta 1-42 |
| - | in-vitro, | AD, | NA |
| 7568- | HYP, | PacT, | Administration with hyperoside sensitizes breast cancer cells to paclitaxel by blocking the TLR4 signaling |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 |
| 7567- | HYP, | Hyperoside: A review on its sources, biological activities, and molecular mechanisms |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 7565- | HYP, | Potential Implications of Hyperoside on Oxidative Stress-Induced Human Diseases: A Comprehensive Review |
| - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 7548- | HYP, | Mechanistic evaluation of hyperoside against non-small cell lung cancer: a combined approach of network pharmacology and in vitro experimental validation |
| - | in-vitro, | NSCLC, | A549 |
| 7550- | HYP, | Hyperoside Induces Breast Cancer Cells Apoptosis via ROS-Mediated NF-κB Signaling Pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF7 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | 4T1 |
| 7554- | HYP, | Effect of hyperoside on the apoptosis of A549 human non‑small cell lung cancer cells and the underlying mechanism |
| - | in-vitro, | NSCLC, | A549 |
| 7555- | HYP, | RT, | Hyperoside and rutin of Nelumbo nucifera induce mitochondrial apoptosis through a caspase-dependent mechanism in HT-29 human colon cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Colon, | HT29 |
| 7560- | HYP, | Hyperoside: A Review of Its Structure, Synthesis, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 7584- | I3C, | Functional effect of indole-3 carbinol in the viability and invasive properties of cultured cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT8 | - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 |
| 7806- | IBC, | Isoalantolactone inhibits pancreatic cancer proliferation by regulation of PI3K and Wnt signal pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | NA |
| 7809- | IBC, | Isobavachalcone induces the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells via inhibition of the Akt and Erk pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | MGC803 |
| 7818- | IBC, | Isobavachalcone, a chalcone constituent of Angelica keiskei, induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma |
| - | in-vitro, | neuroblastoma, | NA |
| 7768- | IBC, | Isobavachalcone Induces ROS-Mediated Apoptosis via Targeting Thioredoxin Reductase 1 in Human Prostate Cancer PC-3 Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | NA, | PC3 |
| 7775- | IBC, | Isobavachalcone Induces Multiple Cell Death in Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells |
| - | vitro+vivo, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 |
| 7774- | IBC, | Isobavachalcone isolated from Psoralea corylifolia inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis via inhibiting the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway in colorectal cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | SW480 |
| 7772- | IBC, | Isobavachalcone inhibits acute myeloid leukemia: Potential role for ROS-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis and differentiation |
| - | vitro+vivo, | AML, | NA |
| 7636- | Ins, | Myo-Inositol: Pharmacokinetics, Biological Functions, and Therapeutic Potential in Liver Protection: Insights from Preclinical Models |
| 7676- | iod, | Antineoplastic effect of iodine in mammary cancer: participation of 6-iodolactone (6-IL) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) |
| - | in-vivo, | BC, | NA |
| - | in-vivo, | BC, | NA |
| 7718- | IP6, | Inositol hexaphosphate inhibits growth, and induces G1 arrest and apoptotic death of prostate carcinoma DU145 cells: modulation of CDKI-CDK-cyclin and pRb-related protein-E2F complexes |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | DU145 |
| 7721- | IP6, | Ins, | Effect of phytic acid and inositol on the proliferation and apoptosis of cells derived from colorectal carcinoma |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HT-29 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | SW480 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | SW-620 |
| 7724- | IP6, | Inositol hexakisphosphate blocks tumor cell growth by activating apoptotic machinery as well as by inhibiting the Akt/NFkappaB-mediated cell survival pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa |
| 7642- | IP6, | Inositol Hexaphosphate Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Colon Cancer Cells by Suppressing the AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | NA |
| 7644- | IP6, | MS-275, | Apoptotic effect of IP6 was not enhanced by co-treatment with myo-inositol in prostate carcinoma PC3 cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 7691- | IP6, | Inositol Hexaphosphate Suppresses Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Prostate Carcinoma Cells in Culture and Nude Mouse Xenograft: PI3K-Akt Pathway as Potential Target |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Pca, | PC3 | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | C4-2B |
| 7747- | ISL, | Isoliquiritigenin Induces Apoptosis via ROS-Mediated Inhibition of p38/mTOR/STAT3 Pathway in Human Melanoma Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Melanoma, | SK-MEL-28 |
| 7760- | ISL, | Pharmacological Potentials and Delivery Strategies of Isoliquiritigenin: Challenges and Advances in Enhancing Bioavailability |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA |
| 7761- | ISL, | Targeting digestive system cancers with isoliquiritigenin: a comprehensive review of antitumor mechanisms |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 7764- | ISL, | Licorice Extract Isoliquiritigenin Increased Cytosol Calcium and Induced Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells via Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid‐1 |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HT-29 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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