Casp3 Cancer Research Results

Casp3, CPP32, Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Also known as CP32.
Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) is a common key protein in the apoptosis and pyroptosis pathways, and when activated, the expression level of tumor suppressor gene Gasdermin E (GSDME) determines the mechanism of tumor cell death.
As a key protein of apoptosis, caspase-3 can also cleave GSDME and induce pyroptosis. Loss of caspase activity is an important cause of tumor progression.
Many anticancer strategies rely on the promotion of apoptosis in cancer cells as a means to shrink tumors. Crucial for apoptotic function are executioner caspases, most notably caspase-3, that proteolyze a variety of proteins, inducing cell death. Paradoxically, overexpression of procaspase-3 (PC-3), the low-activity zymogen precursor to caspase-3, has been reported in a variety of cancer types. Until recently, this counterintuitive overexpression of a pro-apoptotic protein in cancer has been puzzling. Recent studies suggest subapoptotic caspase-3 activity may promote oncogenic transformation, a possible explanation for the enigmatic overexpression of PC-3. Herein, the overexpression of PC-3 in cancer and its mechanistic basis is reviewed; collectively, the data suggest the potential for exploitation of PC-3 overexpression with PC-3 activators as a targeted anticancer strategy.
Caspase 3 is the main effector caspase and has a key role in apoptosis. In many types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer, caspase-3 expression is reduced or absent.
On the other hand, some studies have shown that high levels of caspase-3 expression can be associated with a better prognosis in certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer. This suggests that caspase-3 may play a role in the elimination of cancer cells, and that therapies aimed at activating caspase-3 may be effective in treating certain types of cancer.
Procaspase-3 is a apoptotic marker protein.
Prognostic significance:
• High Cas3 expression: Associated with good prognosis and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy in breast, gastric, lung, and pancreatic cancers.
• Low Cas3 expression: Linked to poor prognosis and increased risk of recurrence in colorectal, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian, and prostate cancers.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
5685- BML,    The Therapeutic Effects of Bromelain against Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review
- Review, CRC, NA
TumCG↓, TumMeta↓, ROS⇅, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, P53↑,
5651- BNL,  Cisplatin,    Natural borneol sensitizes human glioma cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis by triggering ROS-mediated oxidative damage and regulation of MAPKs and PI3K/AKT pathway
- in-vitro, GBM, U251 - in-vitro, GBM, U87MG
ChemoSen↑, tumCV↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, DNAdam↑, ATR↑, ATM↑, P53↑, Histones↑, eff↓, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Casp9↑,
5652- BNL,    Borneol promotes apoptosis of Human Glioma Cells through regulating HIF-1a expression via mTORC1/eIF4E pathway
- vitro+vivo, GBM, NA
Hif1a↓, Apoptosis↑, mTORC1↓, EIF4E↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, Casp3↑, ChemoSen↑, ROS↑,
5653- BNL,    Borneol hinders the proliferation and induces apoptosis through the suppression of reactive oxygen species-mediated JAK1 and STAT-3 signaling in human prostate cancer cells
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3
ROS↑, TumCP↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycE1↓, Apoptosis↑, BAX↓, Casp3↑, Bcl-2↓, IL6↓, JAK1↓, STAT3↓,
5663- BNL,    Osthole/borneol thermosensitive gel via intranasal administration enhances intracerebral bioavailability to improve cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic mice
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*ZO-1↓, *cl‑Casp3↓, *Bax:Bcl2↓, *MDA↓, *Apoptosis↓, *Aβ↓, *BACE↓, *cognitive↑, *BioAv↑, memory↑, P-gp↓, BioEnh↑,
3507- Bor,    Boron inhibits apoptosis in hyperapoptosis condition: Acts by stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane and inhibiting matrix remodeling
*MMP↑, *Cyt‑c↓, *Apoptosis↓, *Casp3↓, *NO↓, *iNOS↓,
739- Bor,    Borax regulates iron chaperone- and autophagy-mediated ferroptosis pathway in glioblastoma cells
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG - in-vitro, Nor, HMC3
TumCG↓, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, PCBP1↓, GSH↓, GPx4↓, Beclin-1↑, MDA↑, ACSL4↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Ferroptosis↑, *toxicity↓,
740- Bor,    Anti-cancer effect of boron derivatives on small-cell lung cancer
- in-vitro, Lung, DMS114 - in-vitro, Nor, MRC-5
Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, P53↑, Casp3↑, *toxicity↓,
742- Bor,    In Vitro Effects of Boric Acid on Cell Cycle, Apoptosis, and miRNAs in Medullary Thyroid Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, Thyroid, NA
NOXA↑, APAF1↑, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, miR-21↓,
744- Bor,    Borax affects cellular viability by inducing ER stress in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting SLC12A5
- in-vitro, HCC, HepG2 - in-vitro, Nor, HL7702
TumCCA↑, SLC12A5↓, ATF6↑, CHOP↑, GRP78/BiP↑, Casp3↑, ER Stress↝, *toxicity↓, *eff↓,
748- Bor,    A Study on the Anticarcinogenic Effects of Calcium Fructoborate
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
p‑ATM↑, p‑P53↑, Casp9↑, PARP↓, VEGF↓, Casp3↑,
749- Bor,    Comparative effects of boric acid and calcium fructoborate on breast cancer cells
P53↓, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, Apoptosis↑,
738- Bor,    Borax induces ferroptosis of glioblastoma by targeting HSPA5/NRF2/GPx4/GSH pathways
- in-vitro, GBM, U251 - in-vitro, GBM, A172 - in-vitro, Nor, SVGp12
TumCP↓, GPx4↓, GSH↓, HSP70/HSPA5↓, NRF2↓, MDA↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Ferroptosis↑, selectivity↑,
718- Bor,    Boric Acid Exhibits Anticancer Properties in Human Endometrial Cancer Ishikawa Cells
- in-vitro, NA, NA
OSI↑, TNF-α↓, IL1↓, Casp3↑, Apoptosis↑, TOS↑,
734- Bor,    Boric Acid Affects the Expression of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Factors in A549 Cells and A549 Cancer Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
ATM↓, Casp3↑, E-cadherin↑,
726- Bor,    Redox Mechanisms Underlying the Cytostatic Effects of Boric Acid on Cancer Cells—An Issue Still Open
- Review, NA, NA
NAD↝, SAM-e↝, PSA↓, IGF-1↓, Cyc↓, P21↓, p‑MEK↓, p‑ERK↓, ROS↑, SOD↓, Catalase↓, MDA↑, GSH↓, IL1↓, IL6↓, TNF-α↓, BRAF↝, MAPK↝, PTEN↝, PI3K/Akt↝, eIF2α↑, ATF4↑, ATF6↑, NRF2↑, BAX↑, BID↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓,
724- Bor,    Does Boric Acid Inhibit Cell Proliferation on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Cells in Monolayer and Spheroid Cultures by Using Apoptosis Pathways?
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
Apoptosis↑, Casp3↝, Casp8↝, Casp9↝,
2776- Bos,    Anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of frankincense: Targets, treatments and toxicities
- Review, Var, NA
*5LO↓, *TNF-α↓, *MMP3↓, *COX1↓, *COX2↓, *PGE2↓, *Th2↑, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *NO↑, *PGE2↑, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *Th1 response↓, *Th2↑, *iNOS↓, *NO↓, *p‑JNK↓, *p38↓, GutMicro↑, p‑Akt↓, GSK‐3β↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, Akt↓, STAT3↓, CSCs↓, AR↓, P21↑, DR5↑, CHOP↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, cl‑PARP↑, DNAdam↑, p‑RB1↓, FOXM1↓, TOP2↓, CDC25↓, p‑CDK1↓, p‑ERK↓, MMP9↓, VEGF↓, angioG↓, ROS↑, Cyt‑c↑, AIF↑, Diablo↑, survivin↓, ICAD↓, ChemoSen↑, SOX9↓, ER Stress↑, GRP78/BiP↑, cal2↓, AMPK↓, mTOR↓, ROS↓,
2767- Bos,    The potential role of boswellic acids in cancer prevention and treatment
- Review, Var, NA
*Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, *MAPK↑, *Ca+2↝, p‑ERK↓, TumCI↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycE/CCNE↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, p‑RB1↓, *NF-kB↓, *TNF-α↓, NF-kB↓, IKKα↓, MCP1↓, IL1α↓, MIP2↓, VEGF↓, Tf↓, COX2↓, MMP9↓, CXCR4↓, VEGF↓, eff↑, PPARα↓, lipid-P?, STAT3↓, TOP1↓, TOP2↑, 5HT↓, p‑PDGFR-BB↓, PDGF↓, AR↓, DR5↑, angioG↓, DR4↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, cl‑PARP↑, eff↑, chemoPv↑, Wnt↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, ascitic↓, Let-7↑, miR-200b↑, eff↑, MMP1↓, MMP2↓, eff↑, BioAv↓, BioAv↑, Half-Life↓, toxicity↓, Dose↑, BioAv↑, ChemoSen↑,
2773- Bos,    Targeted inhibition of tumor proliferation, survival, and metastasis by pentacyclic triterpenoids: Potential role in prevention and therapy of cancer
- Review, Var, NA
Inflam↓, TumCCA↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, STAT3↑, SHP1↓, NF-kB↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, COX2↓, Ki-67↓, CD31↓, IAP1↓, MMPs↓, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓,
2774- Bos,    Boswellia ovalifoliolata abrogates ROS mediated NF-κB activation, causes apoptosis and chemosensitization in Triple Negative Breast Cancer cells
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-453
ChemoSen↑, Casp3↑, ROS↓, NF-kB↓,
1185- Bos,    The journey of boswellic acids from synthesis to pharmacological activities
- Review, NA, NA
BAX↑, NF-kB↓, cl‑PARP↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑,
5697- BRU,    Brusatol, a Nrf2 Inhibitor Targets STAT3 Signaling Cascade in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- in-vitro, HNSCC, NA
NRF2↓, STAT3↓, proCasp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, survivin↓, Hif1a↓, cMyc↓, JNK↑, MAPK↑, tumCV↓, ROS∅,
2047- Buty,    Sodium butyrate inhibits migration and induces AMPK-mTOR pathway-dependent autophagy and ROS-mediated apoptosis via the miR-139-5p/Bmi-1 axis in human bladder cancer cells
- in-vitro, CRC, T24/HTB-9 - in-vitro, Nor, SV-HUC-1 - in-vitro, Bladder, 5637 - in-vivo, NA, NA
HDAC↓, AntiTum↑, TumCMig↓, AMPK↑, mTOR↑, TumAuto↑, ROS↑, miR-139-5p↑, BMI1↓, TumCI?, E-cadherin↑, N-cadherin↓, Vim↓, Snail↓, cl‑PARP↑, cl‑Casp3↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, MMP↓, PINK1↑, PARK2↑, TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, LC3II↑, p62↓, eff↓,
3791- CA,    Caffeic Acid and Diseases—Mechanisms of Action
- Review, AD, NA
*memory↑, *cognitive↑, *p‑tau↓, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *NF-kB↓, *Casp3↓, *lipid-P↓, *AChE↓, *BChE↓, *GSK‐3β↓, *5LO↓, *BDNF↓, VEGF↓, HSP70/HSPA5↓,
1652- CA,    Caffeic Acid and Diseases—Mechanisms of Action
- Review, Var, NA
Dose∅, ROS⇅, NF-kB↓, STAT3↓, VEGF↓, MMP9↓, HSP70/HSPA5↑, AST↝, ALAT↝, ALP↝, Hif1a↓, IL6↓, IGF-1R↓, P21↑, iNOS↓, ERK↓, Snail↓, BID↑, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Casp9↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, Vim↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, COX2↓, ROS↑,
5750- CA,    Exploration of the anticancer properties of Caffeic Acid in malignant mesothelioma cells
- in-vitro, MM, NA
eff↑, selectivity↑, Ki-67↓, PCNA↓, TumCP↓, p‑ERK↓, Akt↓, p27↑, P21↑, TumCCA↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, cl‑Casp3↑, mt-Apoptosis↑,
5746- CA,    Caffeic acid hinders the proliferation and migration through inhibition of IL-6 mediated JAK-STAT-3 signaling axis in human prostate cancer
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP
tumCV↓, ROS↑, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, p‑MAPK↓, ERK↓, JNK↓, p38↓, IL6↓, JAK1↓, p‑STAT3↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK1↓, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Bcl-2↓, TumCD↑,
5877- CA,    Carnosol induces apoptosis through generation of ROS and inactivation of STAT3 signaling in human colon cancer HCT116 cells
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116
tumCV↓, Apoptosis↑, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, P53↓, MDM2↓, ROS↑, eff↓, STAT3↓, survivin↓, cycD1/CCND1↓,
5866- CA,    Carnosic acid inhibits STAT3 signaling and induces apoptosis through generation of ROS in human colon cancer HCT116 cells
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116 - in-vitro, Colon, SW480 - in-vitro, Colon, HT29
tumCV↓, Apoptosis↑, P53↑, BAX↑, MDM2↓, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, STAT3↓, survivin↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, CycD3↓, ROS↑, eff↓, eff↑,
5876- CA,    Carnosic acid, a rosemary phenolic compound, induces apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated p38 activation in human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells
- in-vitro, neuroblastoma, NA
tumCV↓, Apoptosis↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, PARP↑, Bcl-2↓, ROS↑, eff↓,
5842- CAP,    Capsaicin: Current Understanding of Its Mechanisms and Therapy of Pain and Other Pre-Clinical and Clinical Uses
- Review, Nor, NA - Review, Diabetic, NA
*Pain↓, *TRPV1↑, AMPK↑, ROS↑, TumCP↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, Casp3↑, BAX↑, Bak↑, cl‑PARP↑, Bcl-2↓, RNS↑, *glucose↓, *Insulin↑, *BP↓, *AntiAg↑, ER Stress↑, Hif1a↓, chemoPv↑,
5838- CAP,    Capsaicin Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Downregulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway
- in-vitro, NPC, NA
TumCG↓, TumCCA↑, TumAuto↑, Casp3↑, Ca+2↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, ATG5↑, p62↓, Fap1↓, PI3K↓, DNAdam↑,
5835- CAP,    Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin induce apoptosis in human glioma cells via ROS and Ca2+-mediated mitochondrial pathway
- in-vitro, GBM, U251
tumCV↓, Apoptosis↑, selectivity↑, ROS↑, Ca+2↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp↑, eff↑, MPT↑, ETC↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑,
5833- CAP,    Capsaicin: From Plants to a Cancer-Suppressing Agent
- Review, Var, NA
chemoPv↑, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, Ca+2↑, JNK↑, Casp3↑, NADH↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, P53↑,
5832- CAP,    Capsaicin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human KB cancer cells
- in-vitro, Oral, KB
TumCP↓, tumCV↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, MMP↓, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, PARP↑, Inflam↓, Pain↓,
5846- CAP,    Capsaicin Alters the Expression of Genetic and Epigenetic Molecules In Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell
- in-vitro, HCC, HepG2
Dose↝, miR-126↑, Ki-67↓, PI3K↓, mTOR↓, Akt↑, eff↑, Casp3↑,
5843- CAP,    The Effects of Capsaicin on Gastrointestinal Cancers
- Review, GC, NA
*BioAv↑, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, Glycolysis↓, HK2↓, MMP9↓, AMPK↑, TumCP↓, Casp3↑, Bcl-2↓, P53↑, BAX↑,
5198- CAP,    Capsaicin induces apoptosis by generating reactive oxygen species and disrupting mitochondrial transmembrane potential in human colon cancer cell lines
- in-vitro, CRC, LoVo - in-vitro, CRC, Colo320
tumCV↓, DNAdam↑, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, MMP↑, Casp3↑, chemoPv↑,
1262- CAP,    Capsaicin Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer by Down-Regulating FBI-1-Mediated NF-κB Pathway
- vitro+vivo, BC, NA
FBI-1↓, Ki-67↓, Bcl-2↓, survivin↓, BAX↑, Casp3↑, TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑,
1517- CAP,    Capsaicin Inhibits Multiple Bladder Cancer Cell Phenotypes by Inhibiting Tumor-Associated NADH Oxidase (tNOX) and Sirtuin1 (SIRT1)
- in-vitro, Bladder, TSGH8301 - in-vitro, CRC, T24/HTB-9
ENOX2↓, TumCCA↑, ERK↓, p‑FAK↓, p‑pax↓, TumCMig↓, EMT↓, SIRT1↓, Dose∅, ROS↑, MMP↓, Bcl-2↓, Bak↑, cl‑PARP↑, Casp3↑, SIRT1↓, ac‑P53↑, BIM↑, p‑RB1↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, Dose∅, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, N-cadherin↓, E-cadherin↑,
2012- CAP,    Capsaicin induces cytotoxicity in human osteosarcoma MG63 cells through TRPV1-dependent and -independent pathways
- NA, OS, MG63
AntiTum↑, Apoptosis↑, TRPV1↑, ROS↑, SOD↓, AMPK↑, P53↑, JNK↑, Bcl-2↓, Cyt‑c↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, Ca+2↑, MMP↓,
2014- CAP,    Role of Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Complexes in Capsaicin Mediated Oxidative Stress Leading to Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, PC, Bxpc-3 - in-vitro, Nor, HPDE-6 - in-vivo, PC, AsPC-1
ROS↑, *ROS∅, selectivity↑, compI↓, compIII↓, eff↑, selectivity↑, ATP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, MMP↓, SOD↓, GSH/GSSG↓, Apoptosis↑, *toxicity∅, GSH↓, Catalase↓, GPx↓, Dose↝,
2019- CAP,    Capsaicin: A Two-Decade Systematic Review of Global Research Output and Recent Advances Against Human Cancer
- Review, Var, NA
chemoPv↑, Ca+2↑, antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *MMP∅, *Cyt‑c∅, *Casp3∅, *eff↑, *Inflam↓, *NF-kB↓, *COX2↓, iNOS↓, TRPV1↑, i-Ca+2?, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, P53↑, JNK↑, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, LC3II↑, ATG5↑, p62↑, Fap1↓, Casp3↑, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, MMP9↓, eff↑, eff↓, eff↑, selectivity↑, eff↑, ChemoSen↑,
2020- CAP,    Capsaicinoids and Their Effects on Cancer: The “Double-Edged Sword” Postulate from the Molecular Scale
- Review, Var, NA
AntiTum↑, selectivity↑, TRPV1↑, MMP↓, Ca+2↑, ER Stress↑, angioG↓, Casp3?, cl‑PARP↑, selectivity↑, ROS↑, *ROS∅, selectivity↑,
5771- CAPE,  PBG,    Caffeic acid phenethyl ester: Unveiling its potential as a potent apoptosis inducer for combating hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
- in-vitro, HNSCC, NA
MMP↓, Casp3↑, survivin↓, XIAP↓,
5766- CAPE,    A Nano-Liposomal Formulation of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Modulates Nrf2 and NF-κβ Signaling and Alleviates Experimentally Induced Acute Pancreatitis in a Rat Model
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*MDA↓, *NF-kB↓, *p65↓, *TNF-α↓, *cl‑Casp3↓, *GSR↑, *GSH↑, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *Bax:Bcl2↓, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓,
5887- CAR,  TV,    Antitumor Effects of Carvacrol and Thymol: A Systematic Review
- Review, Var, NA
Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, TumMeta↓, TumCP↓, MAPK↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, eff↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, AXL↓, MDA↑, Casp3↑, Bcl-2↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, p‑JNK↑, BAX↑, MDA↓, TRPM7↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp↑, cl‑PARP↑, ROS↑, CDK4↓, P21↑, F-actin↓, GSH↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *GSR↑, *GSH↑, *lipid-P↓, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *ALP↓, *LDH↓, DNAdam↑, AFP↓, VEGF↓, Weight↑, *chemoP↑, ROS↑,
5880- CAR,    In vitro and in vivo antitumor potential of carvacrol nanoemulsion against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells via mitochondrial mediated apoptosis
- vitro+vivo, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Nor, BEAS-2B - in-vitro, Lung, PC9
Dose↝, mt-ROS↑, p‑JNK↑, BAX↑, Cyt‑c↑, Casp↑, AntiTum↑, ER Stress↑, LDH↑, selectivity↑, Apoptosis↑, DNAdam↑, IRE1↑, XBP-1↑, CHOP↓, p‑eIF2α↓, GRP78/BiP↓, Ca+2↑, MMP↓, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, eff↓, TumW↓, Weight↑, eff↑, eff↑,
5907- CAR,    Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect of carvacrol on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG-2
- in-vitro, Liver, HepG2
TumCG↓, Apoptosis↓, Casp3↓, cl‑PARP↑, Bcl-2↓, p‑ERK↓, p‑p38↑, *Bacteria↓, *AntiAg↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *AChE↓, AntiTum↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, Casp↑, DNAdam↑, selectivity↑,

Showing Research Papers: 201 to 250 of 727
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* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 727

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   Catalase↓, 2,   compI↓, 1,   ENOX2↓, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 2,   GPx↓, 1,   GPx4↓, 2,   GSH↓, 5,   GSH/GSSG↓, 1,   lipid-P?, 1,   MDA↓, 1,   MDA↑, 4,   NADH↓, 1,   NRF2↓, 2,   NRF2↑, 1,   OSI↑, 1,   PARK2↑, 1,   RNS↑, 1,   ROS↓, 2,   ROS↑, 24,   ROS⇅, 2,   ROS∅, 1,   mt-ROS↑, 1,   SAM-e↝, 1,   SOD↓, 3,   TOS↑, 1,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology ⓘ

Tf↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

AIF↑, 1,   ATP↓, 1,   CDC25↓, 1,   compIII↓, 1,   ETC↓, 1,   p‑MEK↓, 1,   MMP↓, 14,   MMP↑, 1,   MPT↑, 1,   PINK1↑, 1,   XIAP↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ACSL4↑, 1,   ALAT↝, 1,   AMPK↓, 1,   AMPK↑, 4,   cMyc↓, 1,   FBI-1↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 1,   Histones↑, 1,   HK2↓, 1,   LDH↑, 1,   NAD↝, 1,   PI3K/Akt↝, 1,   PPARα↓, 1,   SIRT1↓, 2,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 4,   Akt↑, 1,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   APAF1↑, 1,   Apoptosis↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 23,   mt-Apoptosis↑, 1,   Bak↑, 2,   BAX↓, 1,   BAX↑, 14,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 3,   Bcl-2↓, 21,   Bcl-xL↓, 7,   BID↑, 2,   BIM↑, 1,   Casp↑, 4,   Casp3?, 1,   Casp3↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 39,   Casp3↝, 1,   cl‑Casp3↑, 3,   proCasp3↑, 1,   Casp7↑, 5,   Casp8↑, 5,   Casp8↝, 1,   Casp9↑, 14,   Casp9↝, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 8,   Diablo↑, 1,   DR4↑, 1,   DR5↑, 2,   Fap1↓, 2,   Ferroptosis↑, 2,   IAP1↓, 1,   ICAD↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 2,   JNK↓, 1,   JNK↑, 4,   p‑JNK↑, 2,   MAPK↓, 1,   MAPK↑, 1,   MAPK↝, 1,   p‑MAPK↓, 1,   MDM2↓, 2,   NOXA↑, 1,   p27↑, 1,   p38↓, 1,   p‑p38↑, 1,   survivin↓, 6,   TRPV1↑, 3,   TumCD↑, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

SOX9↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

miR-21↓, 1,   tumCV↓, 9,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

ATF6↑, 2,   CHOP↓, 1,   CHOP↑, 2,   eIF2α↑, 1,   p‑eIF2α↓, 1,   ER Stress↑, 4,   ER Stress↝, 1,   GRP78/BiP↓, 1,   GRP78/BiP↑, 2,   HSP70/HSPA5↓, 2,   HSP70/HSPA5↑, 1,   IRE1↑, 1,   XBP-1↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

ATG5↑, 2,   Beclin-1↑, 1,   LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, 1,   LC3II↑, 2,   p62↓, 2,   p62↑, 1,   TumAuto↑, 2,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

ATM↓, 1,   ATM↑, 1,   p‑ATM↑, 1,   ATR↑, 1,   DNAdam↑, 7,   P53↓, 2,   P53↑, 8,   p‑P53↑, 1,   ac‑P53↑, 1,   PARP↓, 1,   PARP↑, 2,   cl‑PARP↑, 13,   PCNA↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK1↓, 1,   p‑CDK1↓, 1,   CDK2↓, 2,   CDK4↓, 3,   Cyc↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 9,   CycD3↓, 1,   cycE/CCNE↓, 1,   cycE1↓, 1,   P21↓, 1,   P21↑, 4,   p‑RB1↓, 3,   TumCCA↑, 13,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

BMI1↓, 1,   BRAF↝, 1,   CSCs↓, 1,   EIF4E↓, 1,   EMT↓, 1,   ERK↓, 3,   p‑ERK↓, 5,   FOXM1↓, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 1,   HDAC↓, 1,   IGF-1↓, 1,   IGF-1R↓, 1,   Let-7↑, 1,   mTOR↓, 4,   mTOR↑, 1,   mTORC1↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 4,   PTEN↝, 1,   SHP1↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 7,   STAT3↑, 1,   p‑STAT3↓, 1,   TOP1↓, 1,   TOP2↓, 1,   TOP2↑, 1,   TRPM7↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 5,   Wnt↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

AXL↓, 1,   Ca+2↑, 7,   i-Ca+2?, 1,   cal2↓, 1,   CD31↓, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 3,   F-actin↓, 1,   p‑FAK↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 4,   miR-139-5p↑, 1,   miR-200b↑, 1,   MMP1↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 2,   MMP9↓, 6,   MMPs↓, 1,   N-cadherin↓, 2,   p‑pax↓, 1,   PCBP1↓, 1,   PDGF↓, 1,   Snail↓, 2,   TumCI?, 1,   TumCI↓, 1,   TumCMig↓, 2,   TumCP↓, 8,   TumCP↑, 1,   TumMeta↓, 3,   Vim↓, 2,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 3,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 3,   ATF4↑, 1,   Hif1a↓, 4,   miR-126↑, 1,   p‑PDGFR-BB↓, 1,   VEGF↓, 7,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

P-gp↓, 1,   SLC12A5↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 3,   CXCR4↓, 1,   IKKα↓, 1,   IL1↓, 2,   IL1α↓, 1,   IL6↓, 4,   Inflam↓, 2,   JAK1↓, 2,   MCP1↓, 1,   MIP2↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 5,   PSA↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 2,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

5HT↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

AR↓, 2,   CDK6↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 2,   BioEnh↑, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 6,   Dose↑, 1,   Dose↝, 3,   Dose∅, 3,   eff↓, 7,   eff↑, 15,   Half-Life↓, 1,   selectivity↑, 11,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

AFP↓, 1,   ALAT↝, 1,   ALP↝, 1,   AR↓, 2,   ascitic↓, 1,   AST↝, 1,   BRAF↝, 1,   FOXM1↓, 1,   GutMicro↑, 1,   IL6↓, 4,   Ki-67↓, 4,   LDH↑, 1,   PSA↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   AntiTum↑, 5,   chemoPv↑, 5,   memory↑, 1,   Pain↓, 1,   toxicity↓, 1,   TumW↓, 1,   Weight↑, 2,  
Total Targets: 264

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 3,   Catalase↑, 2,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↑, 2,   GSR↑, 2,   HO-1↑, 1,   lipid-P↓, 2,   MDA↓, 2,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 2,   ROS∅, 2,   SOD↑, 2,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

Insulin↑, 1,   MMP↑, 1,   MMP∅, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   glucose↓, 1,   LDH↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Apoptosis↓, 2,   Bax:Bcl2↓, 2,   Casp3↓, 2,   Casp3∅, 1,   cl‑Casp3↓, 2,   Cyt‑c↓, 1,   Cyt‑c∅, 1,   iNOS↓, 2,   p‑JNK↓, 1,   MAPK↑, 1,   p38↓, 1,   TRPV1↑, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

GSK‐3β↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

5LO↓, 2,   AntiAg↑, 2,   Ca+2↝, 1,   MMP3↓, 1,   ZO-1↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

NO↓, 2,   NO↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX1↓, 1,   COX2↓, 2,   IL1β↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 6,   NF-kB↓, 4,   p65↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 1,   PGE2↑, 1,   Th1 response↓, 1,   Th2↑, 2,   TNF-α↓, 3,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

AChE↓, 2,   BChE↓, 1,   BDNF↓, 1,   p‑tau↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Aβ↓, 1,   BACE↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↑, 2,   eff↓, 1,   eff↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   ALP↓, 1,   AST↓, 1,   BP↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   LDH↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

chemoP↑, 1,   cognitive↑, 2,   memory↑, 1,   Pain↓, 1,   toxicity↓, 3,   toxicity∅, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 72

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: Casp3, CPP32, Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3
35 Silver-NanoParticles
33 Quercetin
29 Thymoquinone
29 Curcumin
26 Apigenin (mainly Parsley)
22 Sulforaphane (mainly Broccoli)
21 Baicalein
21 Berberine
17 EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate)
17 Shikonin
15 Propolis -bee glue
15 Fisetin
14 Artemisinin
14 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
14 Capsaicin
14 Honokiol
13 Magnetic Fields
13 Ashwagandha(Withaferin A)
13 Chrysin
12 Betulinic acid
12 Boron
12 Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin
11 Cisplatin
11 Emodin
10 Luteolin
10 Resveratrol
9 Alpha-Lipoic-Acid
9 Carvacrol
9 Graviola
9 Magnolol
9 Phenylbutyrate
8 Citric Acid
8 Garcinol
8 Lycopene
7 Gambogic Acid
7 Juglone
7 Phenethyl isothiocyanate
7 Piperlongumine
7 Rosmarinic acid
6 5-fluorouracil
6 doxorubicin
6 Radiotherapy/Radiation
6 Bufalin/Huachansu
6 Chlorogenic acid
6 Selenite (Sodium)
6 Vitamin K2
5 Boswellia (frankincense)
5 chitosan
5 Ursolic acid
5 salinomycin
5 Ellagic acid
5 Magnetic Field Rotating
5 Plumbagin
5 Aflavin-3,3′-digallate
4 3-bromopyruvate
4 Melatonin
4 Astaxanthin
4 Bromelain
4 borneol
4 Caffeic acid
4 Chemotherapy
4 Dichloroacetate
4 Paclitaxel
4 Naringin
4 Propyl gallate
4 Piperine
4 VitK3,menadione
4 Urolithin
3 Auranofin
3 Berbamine
3 Photodynamic Therapy
3 Biochanin A
3 Brucea javanica
3 Carnosic acid
3 Thymol-Thymus vulgaris
3 Celastrol
3 Crocetin
3 Hydroxycinnamic-acid
3 Laetrile B17 Amygdalin
3 Nimbolide
3 Psoralidin
3 Pterostilbene
3 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
2 Coenzyme Q10
2 Astragalus
2 SonoDynamic Therapy UltraSound
2 Gemcitabine (Gemzar)
2 tamoxifen
2 Andrographis
2 Metformin
2 Aloe anthraquinones
2 brusatol
2 Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE)
2 Cat’s Claw
2 diet FMD Fasting Mimicking Diet
2 Electrical Pulses
2 Ferulic acid
2 Gallic acid
2 HydroxyCitric Acid
2 HydroxyTyrosol
2 Huperzine A/Huperzia serrata
2 Magnesium
2 Docetaxel
2 Oleuropein
2 Parthenolide
2 Selenium
2 Selenium NanoParticles
2 Vitamin D3
1 5-Aminolevulinic acid
1 entinostat
1 Camptothecin
1 Resiquimod
1 Ajoene (compound of Garlic)
1 Acetyl-l-carnitine
1 alpha Linolenic acid
1 2-DeoxyGlucose
1 Ascorbyl Palmitate
1 Trastuzumab
1 almonertinib
1 D-limonene
1 epirubicin
1 temozolomide
1 Bacopa monnieri
1 Butyrate
1 Sorafenib (brand name Nexavar)
1 Copper and Cu NanoParticles
1 Oxaliplatin
1 Deguelin
1 Date Fruit Extract
1 diet Methionine-Restricted Diet
1 Fucoidan
1 carboplatin
1 Galloflavin
1 Ginkgo biloba
1 γ-linolenic acid (Borage Oil)
1 Gold NanoParticles
1 Hydrogen Gas
1 Orlistat
1 Hyperthermia
1 itraconazole
1 lambertianic acid
1 Lutein
1 Iron
1 Myricetin
1 nelfinavir/Viracept
1 sericin
1 isoflavones
1 Hyperoside
1 Sanguinarine
1 Scoulerine
1 polyethylene glycol
1 Folic Acid, Vit B9
1 Osimertinib
1 Adagrasib
1 Taurine
1 triptolide
1 Vitamin B1/Thiamine
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:42  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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