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| Cytochrome c ** The term "release of cytochrome c" ** an increase in level for the cytosol. Small hemeprotein found loosely associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion where it plays a critical role in cellular respiration. Cytochrome c is highly water-soluble, unlike other cytochromes. It is capable of undergoing oxidation and reduction as its iron atom converts between the ferrous and ferric forms, but does not bind oxygen. It also plays a major role in cell apoptosis. The term "release of cytochrome c" refers to a critical step in the process of programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis. In its new location—the cytosol—cytochrome c participates in the apoptotic signaling pathway by helping to form the apoptosome, which activates caspases that execute cell death. Cytochrome c is a small protein normally located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Its primary role in healthy cells is to participate in the electron transport chain, a process that helps produce energy (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeability leads to the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. The release of cytochrome c is a pivotal event in apoptosis where cytochrome c moves from the mitochondria to the cytosol, initiating a chain reaction that leads to programmed cell death. On the one hand, cytochrome c can promote cancer cell survival and proliferation by regulating the activity of various signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT pathway. This can lead to increased cell growth and resistance to apoptosis, which are hallmarks of cancer. On the other hand, cytochrome c can also induce apoptosis in cancer cells by interacting with other proteins, such as Apaf-1 and caspase-9. This can lead to the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, which can result in the death of cancer cells. Overexpressed in Breast, Lung, Colon, and Prostrate. Underexpressed in Ovarian, and Pancreatic. |
| 2879- | HNK, | Honokiol Inhibits Lung Tumorigenesis through Inhibition of Mitochondrial Function |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | H226 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 2883- | HNK, | Honokiol targets mitochondria to halt cancer progression and metastasis |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 2872- | HNK, | Honokiol alleviated neurodegeneration by reducing oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function in mutant SOD1 cellular and mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| - | in-vivo, | ALS, | NA | - | NA, | Stroke, | NA | - | NA, | AD, | NA | - | NA, | Park, | NA |
| 2867- | HNK, | Honokiol ameliorates oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis of c2c12 myoblasts by ROS generation and mitochondrial pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | C2C12 |
| 2885- | HNK, | Honokiol: a novel natural agent for cancer prevention and therapy |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | LoVo | - | in-vivo, | CRC, | HCT116 |
| 5052- | HPT, | Hyperthermia Induces Apoptosis through Endoplasmic Reticulum and Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Osteosarcoma Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | OS, | U2OS |
| 886- | HPT, | Impact of hyper- and hypothermia on cellular and whole-body physiology |
| - | Analysis, | NA, | NA |
| 7535- | HT, | Hydroxytyrosol acetate from olive leaves (Olea Europaea L.) induces apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in BEL7402 cell line |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | Bel-7402 |
| 4640- | HT, | The anti-cancer potential of hydroxytyrosol |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 7567- | HYP, | Hyperoside: A review on its sources, biological activities, and molecular mechanisms |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 7554- | HYP, | Effect of hyperoside on the apoptosis of A549 human non‑small cell lung cancer cells and the underlying mechanism |
| - | in-vitro, | NSCLC, | A549 |
| 7612- | I3C, | Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) induces apoptosis in tumorigenic but not in nontumorigenic breast epithelial cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | MCF10 |
| 7586- | I3C, | Bax translocation to mitochondria is an important event in inducing apoptotic cell death by indole-3-carbinol (I3C) treatment of breast cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | NA |
| 7591- | I3C, | Indole-3-carbinol (I3C)-induced apoptosis in nasopharyngeal cancer cells through Fas/FasL and MAPK pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | NPC, | CNE2 |
| 7772- | IBC, | Isobavachalcone inhibits acute myeloid leukemia: Potential role for ROS-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis and differentiation |
| - | vitro+vivo, | AML, | NA |
| 7674- | iod, | Molecular iodine induces caspase-independent apoptosis in human breast carcinoma cells involving the mitochondria-mediated pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | NA |
| 7724- | IP6, | Inositol hexakisphosphate blocks tumor cell growth by activating apoptotic machinery as well as by inhibiting the Akt/NFkappaB-mediated cell survival pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa |
| 7763- | ISL, | Harnessing Liquiritigenin: A Flavonoid-Based Approach for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer |
| 7747- | ISL, | Isoliquiritigenin Induces Apoptosis via ROS-Mediated Inhibition of p38/mTOR/STAT3 Pathway in Human Melanoma Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Melanoma, | SK-MEL-28 |
| 7866- | isoO, | Orientin and Cancer Suppression: Molecular Mechanisms and Synergistic Effects |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 7853- | isoO, | Natural flavonoid isoorientin and its anticancer mechanisms: a systematic review |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 7854- | isoO, | Isoorientin induces apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in HepG2 cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 |
| 7855- | isoO, | Isoorientin induces apoptosis and autophagy simultaneously by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related p53, PI3K/Akt, JNK, and p38 signaling pathways in HepG2 cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HL7702 |
| 7885- | isoO, | Isoorientin from Gypsophila elegans induces apoptosis in liver cancer cells via mitochondrial-mediated pathway |
| 8039- | IVM, | Ivermectin-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in Human SH-SY5Y Cells Involves the Activation of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Pathway and Akt/mTOR-Pathway-Mediated Autophagy |
| - | NA, | neuroblastoma, | SH-SY5Y |
| 8027- | IVM, | Progress in Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Antitumour Effects of Ivermectin |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 8045- | IVM, | Ivermectin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of HeLa cells via mitochondrial pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa |
| 7893- | IVT, | Isovitexin (IV) induces apoptosis and autophagy in liver cancer cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Liver, | NA |
| 5113- | JG, | Juglone in Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 5114- | JG, | Juglone, from Juglans mandshruica Maxim, inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in human leukemia cell HL-60 through a reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanism |
| - | in-vitro, | AML, | HL-60 |
| 1927- | JG, | Juglone-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells via the mitochondrial pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | SGC-7901 |
| 1926- | JG, | Mechanism of juglone-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells by the mitochondrial pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF7 |
| 1924- | JG, | Juglone triggers apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer through the reactive oxygen species -mediated PI3K/Akt pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 |
| 1923- | JG, | Mechanism of Juglone-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Ishikawa Human Endometrial Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Endo, | NA |
| 8095- | KAE, | Kaempferol: A Key Emphasis to Its Anticancer Potential |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 8105- | KAE, | Chemo-preventive and therapeutic effect of the dietary flavonoid kaempferol: A comprehensive review |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 8060- | KAE, | Mechanisms underlying apoptosis-inducing effects of Kaempferol in HT-29 human colon cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HT-29 |
| 8072- | KAE, | Natural defense against colorectal cancer: the effects of kaempferol on epigenetics, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell proliferation |
| - | Review, | CRC, | NA |
| 8080- | KAE, | Hepatoprotective Effect of Kaempferol—A Review |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA |
| 8055- | KAE, | Molecular Mechanisms of the Anticancer Activity of the Flavonoid Kaempferol: A Comprehensive Review |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 8161- | LapC, | Lapachol is a novel ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2 inhibitor that suppresses growth and induces intrinsic apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells |
| - | in-vitro, | ESCC, | KYSE-30 | - | in-vitro, | ESCC, | KYSE450 | - | in-vitro, | ESCC, | KYSE-510 |
| 8175- | Las, | Lasiodin Inhibits Proliferation of Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Simultaneous Modulation of the Apaf-1/Caspase, AKT/MAPK and COX-2/NF-κB Signaling Pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | NPC, | NA |
| 8235- | LCA, | Anticancer effects of licochalcones: A review of the mechanisms |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 8237- | LCA, | Role of Licochalcone A in Potential Pharmacological Therapy: A Review |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 8243- | LCA, | Licochalcone A Inhibits Cellular Motility by Suppressing E-cadherin and MAPK Signaling in Breast Cancer |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 |
| 8245- | LCA, | Licochalcone A Upregulates Nrf2 Antioxidant Pathway and Thereby Alleviates Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity |
| - | in-vivo, | LiverDam, | NA |
| 8254- | LCA, | Geld, | Licochalcone A enhances geldanamycin-induced apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated caspase activation |
| - | in-vitro, | Ovarian, | NA |
| 8209- | LCA, | Licochalcone A Exerts Anti-Cancer Activity by Inhibiting STAT3 in SKOV3 Human Ovarian Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Ovarian, | SKOV3 |
| 8222- | LCA, | Licochalcone A Induces Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Death Via Suppression of Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | CCA, | KKU-100 | - | in-vitro, | CCA, | KKU-213 | - | in-vitro, | CCA, | KKU-214 | - | in-vitro, | CCA, | KKU-156 | - | in-vitro, | 0-Reserved, | KKU-452 |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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