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| Glutathione (GSH) is a thiol antioxidant that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the formation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Decreased amounts of GSH and a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio in tissues are biomarkers of oxidative stress. Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant found in every cell of the body, composed of three amino acids: cysteine, glutamine, and glycine. It plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress, detoxifying harmful substances, and supporting the immune system. cancer cells can have elevated levels of glutathione, which may help them survive in the oxidative environment created by the immune response and chemotherapy. This can make cancer cells more resistant to treatment. While glutathione can be obtained from certain foods (like fruits, vegetables, and meats), its absorption from supplements is debated. Some people take N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or other precursors to boost glutathione levels, but the effects on cancer prevention or treatment are still being studied. Depleting glutathione (GSH) to raise reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a strategy that has been explored in cancer research and therapy. Many cancer cells have altered redox states and may rely on GSH to survive. Increasing ROS levels can induce stress in these cells, potentially leading to cell death. Certain drugs and compounds can deplete GSH levels. For example, agents like buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) inhibit the synthesis of GSH, leading to its depletion. Cancer cells tend to exhibit higher levels of intracellular GSH, possibly as an adaptive response to a higher metabolism and thus higher steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). "...intracellular glutathione (GSH) exhibits an astounding antioxidant activity in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS)..." "Cancer cells have a high level of GSH compared to normal cells." "...cancer cells are affluent with high antioxidant levels, especially with GSH, whose appearance at an elevated concentration of ∼10 mM (10 times less in normal cells) detoxifies the cancer cells." "Therefore, GSH depletion can be assumed to be the key strategy to amplify the oxidative stress in cancer cells, enhancing the destruction of cancer cells by fruitful cancer therapy." The loss of GSH is broadly known to be directly related to the apoptosis progression. |
| 7782- | ISL, | BUT, | SCP, | Butein, isoliquiritigenin, and scopoletin attenuate neurodegeneration via antioxidant enzymes and SIRT1/ADAM10 signaling pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | AD, | SH-SY5Y |
| 7789- | ISL, | Cancer Chemopreventive Activity and Metabolism of Isoliquiritigenin, a Compound Found in Licorice |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA |
| 7878- | isoO, | Cisplatin, | Isoorientin Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity Through the Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis via Activating the SIRT1/SIRT6/Nrf-2 Pathway |
| - | in-vivo, | Nor, | NA |
| 7871- | isoO, | Cisplatin, | Isoorientin reverses lung cancer drug resistance by promoting ferroptosis via the SIRT6/Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Lung, | NA |
| 7813- | ISQ, | Isoquercitrin Played a Neuroprotective Role in Rats After Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Through Up-Regulating Neuroglobin and Anti-Oxidative Stress |
| - | in-vivo, | Stroke, | NA |
| 7888- | IVT, | Isovitexin Exerts Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Activities on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB and Activating HO-1/Nrf2 Pathways |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Nor, | NA |
| 8153- | JG, | Cytotoxic action of juglone and plumbagin: a mechanistic study using HaCaT keratinocytes |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HaCaT |
| 5113- | JG, | Juglone in Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 5114- | JG, | Juglone, from Juglans mandshruica Maxim, inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in human leukemia cell HL-60 through a reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanism |
| - | in-vitro, | AML, | HL-60 |
| 5099- | JG, | Juglone induces ferroptosis in glioblastoma cells by inhibiting the Nrf2-GPX4 axis through the phosphorylation of p38MAPK |
| - | vitro+vivo, | GBM, | LN229 | - | vitro+vivo, | GBM, | T98G |
| 5098- | JG, | Effects of Juglone on Antioxidant Status in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | Bxpc-3 | - | in-vitro, | PC, | PANC1 |
| 5115- | JG, | Natural Products to Fight Cancer: A Focus on Juglans regia |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 5116- | JG, | Juglone, a naphthoquinone from walnut, exerts cytotoxic and genotoxic effects against cultured melanoma tumor cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Melanoma, | B16-BL6 |
| 1921- | JG, | Juglone induces ferroptotic effect on hepatocellular carcinoma and pan-cancer via the FOSL1-HMOX1 axis |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | NA | - | vitro+vivo, | PC, | NA |
| 8086- | KAE, | Hepatoprotective Effect of Kaempferol: A Review of the Dietary Sources, Bioavailability, Mechanisms of Action, and Safety |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA |
| 8069- | KAE, | Kaempferol attenuates cognitive deficit via regulating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in an ovariectomized rat model of sporadic dementia |
| - | in-vivo, | AD, | NA |
| 8080- | KAE, | Hepatoprotective Effect of Kaempferol—A Review |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA |
| 8054- | KAE, | Kaempferol Improves Alzheimer's Disease by Inhibiting Neuronal Ferroptosis via Activating GPX4/AKR1C3 Signaling Pathway |
| - | vitro+vivo, | AD, | NA |
| 8169- | Lap, | Lapatinib Activates the Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1-Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Pathway in HepG2 Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 |
| 8167- | LapC, | Characterization of lapachol cytotoxicity: contribution of glutathione depletion for oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | NA |
| 8254- | LCA, | Geld, | Licochalcone A enhances geldanamycin-induced apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated caspase activation |
| - | in-vitro, | Ovarian, | NA |
| 8256- | LCA, | Licochalcone A inhibits the growth of colon carcinoma and attenuates cisplatin-induced toxicity without a loss of chemotherapeutic efficacy in mice |
| - | in-vivo, | Colon, | CT26 |
| 8223- | LCA, | Lico A Enhances Nrf2-Mediated Defense Mechanisms against t-BHP-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cell Death via Akt and ERK Activation in RAW 264.7 Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | RAW264.7 |
| 8129- | LF, | Study on the Therapeutic Benefit on Lactoferrin in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy |
| - | Trial, | CRC, | NA |
| 8135- | LF, | Lactoferrin-A Regulator of Iron Homeostasis and Its Implications in Cancer |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 8183- | LGE, | Antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing effects of citral via p53 and ROS-induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human colorectal HCT116 and HT29 cell lines |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HT-29 |
| 2587- | LT, | Luteolin inhibits Nrf2 leading to negative regulation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway and sensitization of human lung carcinoma A549 cells to therapeutic drugs |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 |
| 2588- | LT, | Chemo, | Luteolin sensitizes two oxaliplatin-resistant colorectal cancer cell lines to chemotherapeutic drugs via inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 |
| 2921- | LT, | Luteolin as a potential hepatoprotective drug: Molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA |
| 2907- | LT, | Protective effect of luteolin against oxidative stress‑mediated cell injury via enhancing antioxidant systems |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | NA |
| 2912- | LT, | Luteolin: a flavonoid with a multifaceted anticancer potential |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 2904- | LT, | Luteolin from Purple Perilla mitigates ROS insult particularly in primary neurons |
| - | in-vitro, | Park, | SK-N-SH | - | in-vitro, | AD, | NA |
| 2919- | LT, | Luteolin as a potential therapeutic candidate for lung cancer: Emerging preclinical evidence |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1275- | LT, | Mechanism of luteolin induces ferroptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Laryn, | NA |
| 3528- | Lyco, | The Importance of Antioxidant Activity for the Health-Promoting Effect of Lycopene |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA | - | Review, | Park, | NA |
| 3268- | Lyco, | Lycopene as a Natural Antioxidant Used to Prevent Human Health Disorders |
| - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 3264- | Lyco, | Pharmacological potentials of lycopene against aging and aging‐related disorders: A review |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA | - | Review, | Stroke, | NA |
| 3275- | Lyco, | Multifaceted Effects of Lycopene: A Boulevard to the Multitarget-Based Treatment for Cancer |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3277- | Lyco, | Recent trends and advances in the epidemiology, synergism, and delivery system of lycopene as an anti-cancer agent |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1709- | Lyco, | Lycopene prevents carcinogen-induced cutaneous tumor by enhancing activation of the Nrf2 pathway through p62-triggered autophagic Keap1 degradation |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | JB6 |
| 1708- | Lyco, | The Anti-Cancer Activity of Lycopene: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studies |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4803- | Lyco, | Enhanced cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing activity of lycopene oxidation products in different cancer cell lines |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF7 | - | in-vitro, | Melanoma, | A431 | - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 | - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa | - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 |
| 4794- | Lyco, | Anticancer Effect of Lycopene in Gastric Carcinogenesis |
| - | Review, | GC, | NA |
| 1782- | MEL, | Melatonin in Cancer Treatment: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1780- | MEL, | Utilizing Melatonin to Alleviate Side Effects of Chemotherapy: A Potentially Good Partner for Treating Cancer with Ageing |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1777- | MEL, | Melatonin as an antioxidant: under promises but over delivers |
| - | Review, | NA, | NA |
| 1063- | MEL, | HDAC1 inhibition by melatonin leads to suppression of lung adenocarcinoma cells via induction of oxidative stress and activation of apoptotic pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 | - | in-vitro, | Lung, | PC9 |
| 1204- | MET, | Metformin induces ferroptosis through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in lung cancer |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 | - | in-vitro, | Lung, | H1299 |
| 3463- | MF, | Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Alleviates Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Lipids Accumulation in db/db mice |
| - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 186- | MFrot, | MF, | Selective induction of rapid cytotoxic effect in glioblastoma cells by oscillating magnetic fields |
| - | in-vitro, | GBM, | GBM | - | in-vitro, | Lung, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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