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| Type: |
| Destruction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, which is widely regarded as one of the earliest events in the process of cell apoptosis. Mitochondria are organelles within eukaryotic cells that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy molecule used by the cell. For this reason, the mitochondrion is sometimes referred to as “the powerhouse of the cell”. Mitochondria produce ATP through process of cellular respiration—specifically, aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen. The citric acid cycle, or Krebs cycle, takes place in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial membrane potential is widely used in assessing mitochondrial function as it relates to the mitochondrial capacity of ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation. The mitochondrial membrane potential is a reliable indicator of mitochondrial health. In cancer cells, ΔΨm is often decreased, which can lead to changes in cellular metabolism, increased glycolysis, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and altered cell death pathways. The membrane of malignant mitochondria is hyperpolarized (−220 mV) in comparison to their healthy counterparts (−160 mV), which facilitates the penetration of positively charged molecules to the cancer cells mitochondria. The MMP is a critical indicator of mitochondrial function, directly reflecting the organelle's capacity to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. |
| 4643- | OLE, | HT, | Use of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol for Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Considerations about How Bioavailability and Metabolism Impact Their Adoption in Clinical Routine |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 998- | PB, | Phenyl butyrate inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 and contributes to its anti-cancer effect |
| - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 2057- | PB, | Trichomonas vaginalis induces apoptosis via ROS and ER stress response through ER–mitochondria crosstalk in SiHa cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | SiHa |
| 2065- | PB, | TMZ, | Inhibition of Mitochondria- and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Autophagy Augments Temozolomide-Induced Apoptosis in Glioma Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | GBM, | NA |
| 2070- | PB, | Phenylbutyrate-induced apoptosis is associated with inactivation of NF-kappaB IN HT-29 colon cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HT-29 |
| 2077- | PB, | Butyrate induces ROS-mediated apoptosis by modulating miR-22/SIRT-1 pathway in hepatic cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HUH7 |
| 2041- | PB, | The Effect of Glucose Concentration and Sodium Phenylbutyrate Treatment on Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and ER Stress in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | 3T3 |
| 2046- | PB, | Sodium butyrate promotes apoptosis in breast cancer cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mitochondrial impairment |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-468 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | MCF10 |
| 1231- | PBG, | Caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibits MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation in inflammatory microenvironment by suppressing glycolysis and lipid metabolism |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 |
| 1672- | PBG, | The Potential Use of Propolis as an Adjunctive Therapy in Breast Cancers |
| - | Review, | BC, | NA |
| 1673- | PBG, | An Insight into Anticancer Effect of Propolis and Its Constituents: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1674- | PBG, | SDT, | HPT, | Study on the effect of a triple cancer treatment of propolis, thermal cycling-hyperthermia, and low-intensity ultrasound on PANC-1 cells |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | PANC1 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | H6c7 |
| 1667- | PBG, | Ethanolic extract of Brazilian green propolis sensitizes prostate cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | LNCaP |
| 1676- | PBG, | Use of Stingless Bee Propolis and Geopropolis against Cancer—A Literature Review of Preclinical Studies |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1677- | PBG, | Propolis Inhibits UVA-Induced Apoptosis of Human Keratinocyte HaCaT Cells by Scavenging ROS |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HaCaT |
| 1682- | PBG, | Honey, Propolis, and Royal Jelly: A Comprehensive Review of Their Biological Actions and Health Benefits |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1684- | PBG, | Antitumor Activity of Chinese Propolis in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HUVECs |
| 1685- | PBG, | Antitumor Activity of Chinese Propolis in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 |
| 1663- | PBG, | Propolis and Their Active Constituents for Chronic Diseases |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1664- | PBG, | Anticancer Activity of Propolis and Its Compounds |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1668- | PBG, | Propolis: A Detailed Insight of Its Anticancer Molecular Mechanisms |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 2381- | PBG, | Chinese Poplar Propolis Inhibits MDA-MB-231 Cell Proliferation in an Inflammatory Microenvironment by Targeting Enzymes of the Glycolytic Pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 |
| 2430- | PBG, | The cytotoxic effects of propolis on breast cancer cells involve PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species generation |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 |
| 4947- | PEITC, | Phenethyl Isothiocyanate (PEITC) Inhibits the Growth of Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma HSC-3 Cells through G0/G1 Phase Arrest and Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death |
| - | in-vitro, | Oral, | HSC3 |
| 4950- | PEITC, | Phenethyl isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells is mediated by reactive oxygen species-dependent disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 4956- | PEITC, | Inhibition of cancer growth in vitro and in vivo by a novel ROS-modulating agent with ability to eliminate stem-like cancer cells |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Lung, | A549 |
| 4922- | PEITC, | Phenethyl Isothiocyanate: A comprehensive review of anti-cancer mechanisms |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4918- | PEITC, | Nutritional Sources and Anticancer Potential of Phenethyl Isothiocyanate: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4944- | PEITC, | Phenethyl isothiocyanate induces DNA damage-associated G2/M arrest and subsequent apoptosis in oral cancer cells with varying p53 mutations |
| - | in-vitro, | Oral, | NA |
| 4940- | PEITC, | Phenethyl Isothiocyanate (PEITC) Inhibits the Growth of Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma HSC-3 Cells through G 0/G 1 Phase Arrest and Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death |
| - | in-vitro, | Oral, | HSC3 |
| 4942- | PEITC, | Phenethyl Isothiocyanate (PEITC) Inhibits the Growth of Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma HSC-3 Cells through G(0)/G(1) Phase Arrest and Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death |
| - | in-vitro, | Oral, | HSC3 |
| 5219- | PG, | Propyl gallate inhibits the growth of HeLa cells via caspase-dependent apoptosis as well as a G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa |
| 1766- | PG, | Propyl gallate induces human pulmonary fibroblast cell death through the regulation of Bax and caspase-3 |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | NA |
| 1768- | PG, | Propyl gallate reduces the growth of lung cancer cells through caspase‑dependent apoptosis and G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | Calu-6 | - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 |
| 1765- | PG, | Enhanced cell death effects of MAP kinase inhibitors in propyl gallate-treated lung cancer cells are related to increased ROS levels and GSH depletion |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 | - | in-vitro, | Lung, | Calu-6 |
| 5213- | PI, | Induction of apoptosis by piperine in human cervical adenocarcinoma via ROS mediated mitochondrial pathway and caspase-3 activation |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa |
| 1946- | PL, | PI, | Piperlonguminine and Piperine Analogues as TrxR Inhibitors that Promote ROS and Autophagy and Regulate p38 and Akt/mTOR Signaling |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | NA |
| 1951- | PL, | Piperlongumine Analogs Promote A549 Cell Apoptosis through Enhancing ROS Generation |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 |
| 1938- | PL, | Piperlongumine regulates epigenetic modulation and alleviates psoriasis-like skin inflammation via inhibition of hyperproliferation and inflammation |
| - | Study, | PSA, | NA | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 2651- | PLB, | Oxidative Stress Inducers in Cancer Therapy: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 5158- | PLB, | Plumbagin induces reactive oxygen species, which mediate apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | ME-180 |
| 4969- | PSO, | The Coumarin Psoralidin Enhances Anticancer Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa |
| 4968- | PSO, | Psoralidin: emerging biological activities of therapeutic benefits and its potential utility in cervical cancer |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | NA |
| 5154- | PTL, | Parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone from the medical herb feverfew, shows anticancer activity against human melanoma cells in vitro |
| - | in-vitro, | Melanoma, | NA |
| 1988- | PTL, | Parthenolide Induces ROS-Mediated Apoptosis in Lymphoid Malignancies |
| - | in-vitro, | lymphoma, | NCI-H929 |
| 1989- | PTL, | Parthenolide and Its Soluble Analogues: Multitasking Compounds with Antitumor Properties |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1990- | PTL, | Parthenolide alleviates cognitive dysfunction and neurotoxicity via regulation of AMPK/GSK3β(Ser9)/Nrf2 signaling pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | AD, | PC12 |
| 1991- | PTL, | A novel SLC25A1 inhibitor, parthenolide, suppresses the growth and stemness of liver cancer stem cells with metabolic vulnerability |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HUH7 |
| 1993- | PTL, | Parthenolide induces apoptosis and autophagy through the suppression of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in cervical cancer |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa |
| 3930- | PTS, | A Review of Pterostilbene Antioxidant Activity and Disease Modification |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | adrenal, | NA | - | Review, | Stroke, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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