Casp3 Cancer Research Results

Casp3, CPP32, Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3: Click to Expand ⟱
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Type:
Also known as CP32.
Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) is a common key protein in the apoptosis and pyroptosis pathways, and when activated, the expression level of tumor suppressor gene Gasdermin E (GSDME) determines the mechanism of tumor cell death.
As a key protein of apoptosis, caspase-3 can also cleave GSDME and induce pyroptosis. Loss of caspase activity is an important cause of tumor progression.
Many anticancer strategies rely on the promotion of apoptosis in cancer cells as a means to shrink tumors. Crucial for apoptotic function are executioner caspases, most notably caspase-3, that proteolyze a variety of proteins, inducing cell death. Paradoxically, overexpression of procaspase-3 (PC-3), the low-activity zymogen precursor to caspase-3, has been reported in a variety of cancer types. Until recently, this counterintuitive overexpression of a pro-apoptotic protein in cancer has been puzzling. Recent studies suggest subapoptotic caspase-3 activity may promote oncogenic transformation, a possible explanation for the enigmatic overexpression of PC-3. Herein, the overexpression of PC-3 in cancer and its mechanistic basis is reviewed; collectively, the data suggest the potential for exploitation of PC-3 overexpression with PC-3 activators as a targeted anticancer strategy.
Caspase 3 is the main effector caspase and has a key role in apoptosis. In many types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer, caspase-3 expression is reduced or absent.
On the other hand, some studies have shown that high levels of caspase-3 expression can be associated with a better prognosis in certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer. This suggests that caspase-3 may play a role in the elimination of cancer cells, and that therapies aimed at activating caspase-3 may be effective in treating certain types of cancer.
Procaspase-3 is a apoptotic marker protein.
Prognostic significance:
• High Cas3 expression: Associated with good prognosis and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy in breast, gastric, lung, and pancreatic cancers.
• Low Cas3 expression: Linked to poor prognosis and increased risk of recurrence in colorectal, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian, and prostate cancers.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
6195- Cuc,    Cucurbitacins as Potent Chemo-Preventive Agents: Mechanistic Insight and Recent Trends
- Review, Var, NA
TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, TumMeta↓, angioG↓, chemoPv↑, BioAv↓, Half-Life↝, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycE/CCNE↓, Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, JNK↑, Akt↓, ERK↓, survivin↓, XIAP↓, Bcl-2↓, Mcl-1↓, ROS↑, NRF2↓, FAK↓, MMP9↓, VEGF↓, VEGFR2/KDR/Flk1↓, *NF-kB↓, TLR4↝, NLRP3↑, Pyro↑, GSH↓,
6202- Cuc,    Cucurbitacins as potential anticancer agents: new insights on molecular mechanisms
- Review, Var, NA
*Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *hepatoP↑, AntiTum↑, AntiCan↑, *chemoPv↑, *AntiDiabetic↑, *Imm↑, Hif1a↓, P-gp/ABCB1↓, mTORC1↓, ERK↓, Akt↓, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, ATP↓, RadioS↑, ChemoSen↑,
1981- CUR,    Mitochondrial targeted curcumin exhibits anticancer effects through disruption of mitochondrial redox and modulation of TrxR2 activity
- in-vitro, Lung, NA
eff↑, ROS↑, mt-GSH↓, Bax:Bcl2↑, Cyt‑c↑, MMP↓, Casp3↑, Trx2↓, TrxR↓, mt-DNAdam↑,
6227- CUR,    Revisiting Curcumin in Cancer Therapy: Recent Insights into Molecular Mechanisms, Nanoformulations, and Synergistic Combinations
- Review, Var, NA
Wnt↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, JAK↓, STAT3↓, MAPK↓, NF-kB↓, NOTCH↓, TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, GSK‐3β↓, cMyc↓, survivin↓, Axin2↑, TumCCA↑, PTEN↑, P53↑, ROS↑, Casp3↑, PARP↑, Ferroptosis↑, angioG↓, TumCI↓, TumMeta↓, BioAv↓, Half-Life↓, ChemoSen↑,
6214- CUR,    Curcumin Nanoparticles-related Non-invasive Tumor Therapy, and Cardiotoxicity Relieve
TumCD↓, TumCI↓, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↓, *AntiTum↓, NF-kB↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, Casp9↓, ROS↑, BioAv↑, RadioS↑, ChemoSen↑, Imm↑, PhotoS↑, sonoS↑, 5LO↓, iNOS↓, IL2↓, TNF-α↓, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, Apoptosis↑, ER Stress↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK2↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, TumCCA↑, MMPs↓, *radioP↑, chemoP↑, hepatoP↑, cardioP↑, eff↑, PhotoS↑, eff↑, ROS↑, GSH↓,
6219- CUR,    Natural Products and Altered Metabolism in Cancer: Therapeutic Targets and Mechanisms of Action
- Review, Var, NA
PI3K↓, Akt↓, NF-kB↓, BioAv↑, GSK‐3β↓, Slug↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑,
475- CUR,    Curcumin induces apoptotic cell death in human pancreatic cancer cells via the miR-340/XIAP signaling pathway
- in-vitro, PC, PANC1
Apoptosis↑, cl‑Casp3↑, miR-340↑, cl‑PARP↑, XIAP↓,
472- CUR,    Curcumin inhibits ovarian cancer progression by regulating circ-PLEKHM3/miR-320a/SMG1 axis
- vitro+vivo, Ovarian, SKOV3 - vitro+vivo, Ovarian, A2780S
TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, PCNA↓, miR-320a↓, BAX↑, cl‑Casp3↑, circ‑PLEKHM3↑, SMG1↑,
468- CUR,  5-FU,    Gut microbiota enhances the chemosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma to 5-fluorouracil in vivo by increasing curcumin bioavailability
- vitro+vivo, Liver, HepG2 - vitro+vivo, Liver, 402 - vitro+vivo, Liver, Bel7
Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, PI3k/Akt/mTOR↓, p‑PI3K↓, Bacteria↑, cl‑Casp3↑,
479- CUR,    Curcumin Has Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects on Tongue Cancer in vitro: A Study with Bioinformatics Analysis and in vitro Experiments
- in-vitro, Tong, CAL27
TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, cl‑Casp3↑,
462- CUR,    Curcumin promotes cancer-associated fibroblasts apoptosis via ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3
Bcl-2↓, MMP↓, cl‑Casp3↑, BAX↑, BIM↑, p‑PARP↑, PUMA↑, p‑P53↑, ROS↑, p‑ERK↑, p‑eIF2α↑, CHOP/DDIT3↑, ATF4↑,
461- CUR,    Curcumin inhibits prostate cancer progression by regulating the miR-30a-5p/PCLAF axis
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, Pca, DU145
TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, Apoptosis↑, miR-30a-5p↑, PCLAF↓, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↓, BAX↑, cl‑Casp3↑,
458- CUR,    Curcumin suppresses gastric cancer by inhibiting gastrin‐mediated acid secretion
- vitro+vivo, GC, SGC-7901
Casp3↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCP↓,
477- CUR,    Curcumin induces G2/M arrest and triggers autophagy, ROS generation and cell senescence in cervical cancer cells
- in-vitro, Cerv, SiHa
TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, CycB/CCNB1↓, CDC25↓, ROS↑, p62↑, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, P53↑, P21↑,
457- CUR,    Curcumin regulates proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by affecting PI3K and P53 signaling
- in-vitro, GC, SGC-7901 - in-vitro, GC, BGC-823
TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, P53↑, PI3K↓, P21↑, p‑Akt↓, p‑mTOR↓, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, LC3I↓, BAX↑, Beclin-1/ATG6↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, LC3II↑, ATG3↑, ATG5↑,
425- CUR,    Curcumin inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of breast cancer cells
- in-vitro, BC, T47D - in-vitro, BC, MCF7 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-468
CDC25↓, cDC2↓, P21↑, p‑Akt↓, p‑mTOR↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, Casp3↑,
447- CUR,  OXA,    Curcumin reverses oxaliplatin resistance in human colorectal cancer via regulation of TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway
- vitro+vivo, CRC, HCT116
p‑p65↓, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, EMT↓, p‑SMAD2↓, p‑SMAD3↓, N-cadherin↓, TGF-β↓, E-cadherin↑, TumVol↓, TumCMig↓,
452- CUR,    Curcumin downregulates the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and inhibits growth and progression in head and neck cancer cells
- vitro+vivo, HNSCC, SCC9 - vitro+vivo, HNSCC, FaDu - vitro+vivo, HNSCC, HaCaT
TumCCA↑, PI3k/Akt/mTOR↓, Casp3↑, EGFR↓, EGF↑, PRKCG↑, p‑Akt↓, p‑mTOR↓, RPS6KA1↓, EIF4E↓, proCasp3↓,
444- CUR,  Cisplatin,    LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 is a key factor in the reversal effect of curcumin on cisplatin resistance in the colorectal cancer cells
- vitro+vivo, CRC, HCT8
TumVol↓, Apoptosis↑, Bcl-2↓, Cyt‑c↑, BAX↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑PARP1↑, miR-497↑, KCNQ1OT1↓,
137- CUR,    Curcumin induces G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in hormone independent prostate cancer DU-145 cells by down regulating Notch signaling
- in-vitro, Pca, DU145
NOTCH1↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK2↓, P21↑, p27/CDKN1B↑, P53↑, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, TumCCA↑, TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑,
132- CUR,    Targeting multiple pro-apoptotic signaling pathways with curcumin in prostate cancer cells
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3
TumCCA↑, ROS↑, TumAuto↑, UPR↑, ER Stress↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Casp12↑, PARP↑, other↝, GRP78/BiP↑, PDI↑, eIF2α↑, other↝,
15- CUR,  UA,    Effects of curcumin and ursolic acid in prostate cancer: A systematic review
- Review, Pca, NA
NF-kB↝, Akt↝, AR↝, Apoptosis↝, Bcl-2↝, Casp3↝, BAX↝, P21↝, ROS↝, Bcl-xL↝, JNK↝, MMP2↝, P53↝, PSA↝, VEGF↝, COX2/PTGS2↝, cycD1/CCND1↝, EGFR↝, IL6↝, β-catenin/ZEB1↝, mTOR↝, NRF2↝, AP-1↝, Cyt‑c↝, PI3K↝, PTEN↝, Cyc↝, TNF-α↝,
9- CUR,    Curcumin Suppresses Malignant Glioma Cells Growth and Induces Apoptosis by Inhibition of SHH/GLI1 Signaling Pathway in Vitro and Vivo
- vitro+vivo, MG, U87MG - vitro+vivo, MG, T98G
HH↓, Shh↓, Gli1↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, Bcl-2↓, FOXM1↓, Bax:Bcl2↑, TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, Apoptosis↑, TumVol↑, TumCCA↑, Casp3↑, OS↑,
167- CUR,    Curcumin-induced apoptosis in PC3 prostate carcinoma cells is caspase-independent and involves cellular ceramide accumulation and damage to mitochondria
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3
MAPK↑, JNK↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, AIF↑, GSH↓, eff↓, Apoptosis↑, DNAdam↑,
3580- CUR,    Curcumin Acts as Post-protective Effects on Rat Hippocampal Synaptosomes in a Neuronal Model of Aluminum-Induced Toxicity
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*ROS↓, *Cyt‑c↓, *Casp3↓, *neuroP↑,
4652- CUR,    Anticancer effect of curcumin on breast cancer and stem cells
- Review, BC, NA
TumCP↓, TumMeta↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, CSCs↓, NF-kB↓, Telomerase↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, E-cadherin↑,
2688- CUR,    Effects of resveratrol, curcumin, berberine and other nutraceuticals on aging, cancer development, cancer stem cells and microRNAs
- Review, Var, NA - Review, AD, NA
*ROS↓, *SOD↑, p16↑, JAK2↓, STAT3↓, CXCL12↓, IL6↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, TGF-β↓, α-SMA↓, LAMs↓, DNAdam↑, *memory↑, *cognitive↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *NO↑, *MDA↓, *ROS↓, DNMT1↓, ROS↑, Casp3↑, Apoptosis↑, miR-21↓, LC3II↓, ChemoSen↑, NF-kB↓, CSCs↓, Nanog↓, OCT4↓, SOX2↓, eff↑, Sp1/3/4↓, miR-27a-3p↓, ZBTB10↑, SOX9?, ChemoSen↑, VEGF↓, XIAP↓, Bcl-2↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, BioAv↑, Hif1a↓, EMT↓, BioAv↓, PTEN↑, VEGF↓, Akt↑, EZH2↓, NOTCH1↓, TP53↑, NQO1↑, HO-1↑,
2818- CUR,    Novel Insight to Neuroprotective Potential of Curcumin: A Mechanistic Review of Possible Involvement of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and PI3/Akt/ GSK3 or PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF Signaling Pathways
- Review, AD, NA
*neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *Apoptosis↓, *cognitive↑, *cardioP↑, other↑, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *IL1β↓, *TNF-α↓, NF-kB↓, *PGE2↓, *iNOS↓, *NO↓, *IL2↓, *IL4↓, *IL6↓, *INF-γ↓, *GSK‐3β↓, *STAT↓, *GSH↑, *MDA↓, *lipid-P↓, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *Catalase↑, *GSR↓, *LDH↓, *H2O2↓, *Casp3↓, *Casp9↓, *NRF2↑, *AIF↓, *ATP↑,
6234- CUSP9,    In Vitro and Clinical Compassionate Use Experiences with the Drug-Repurposing Approach CUSP9v3 in Glioblastoma
- Human, GBM, NA
TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCMig↓, tumCV↓, TumCG↓, cl‑Casp3↑,
7443- CYN,    Cynaropicrin, a sesquiterpene lactone, triggers apoptotic cell death in triple negative breast cancer cells
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, MCF7
TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, Bcl-2↓,
7451- CYN,    Inhibitory effects of cynaropicrin on human melanoma progression by targeting MAPK, NF‐κB, and Nrf‐2 signaling pathways in vitro
- in-vitro, Melanoma, A375
TumCP↓, Casp3↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, ERK↓, NF-kB↓, ROS↓, HO-1↑, NRF2↑, Bcl-2↓, NF-kB↓, other↝,
7450- CYN,    Cynaropicrin Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis by Inhibiting PKM2 to Cause DNA Damage and Mitochondrial Fission in A549 Cells
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Nor, BEAS-2B
PKM2↓, P53↑, PARP↓, TumCCA↑, selectivity↑, DNAdam↑, NRF2↓, NQO1↓, TrxR↓, Trx↓, ROS↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, Apoptosis↑,
6686- DAP,    Lactoferrin-encapsulated dichloroacetophenone (DAP) nanoparticles enhance drug delivery and anti-tumor efficacy in prostate cancer
- in-vivo, Pca, NA
PDK1 / PDPK1↓, TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, BioAv↓, BioAv↑, Apoptosis↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Glycolysis↓,
6682- DCA,  QC,    Dichloroacetate and Quercetin Prevent Cell Proliferation, Induce Cell Death and Slow Tumor Growth in a Mouse Model of HPV-Positive Head and Neck Cancer
- in-vivo, HNSCC, MEER
PDK1 / PDPK1↓, lactateProd↓, GlucoseCon↓, tumCV↓, mTOR↓, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, TumCG↓, pH↑, cl‑PARP↑, Casp3↑, DNAdam↑, p‑γH2AX↑, eff↓, OS↑,
4901- DCA,  Sal,    Dichloroacetate and Salinomycin as Therapeutic Agents in Cancer
- Review, NSCLC, NA
Glycolysis↓, OXPHOS↑, PDKs↓, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↓, RadioS↑, TumAuto↑, mTOR↓, LC3s↓, p62↑, TumCG↓, OS↑, toxicity↝, ChemoSen↑, eff↑, eff↑, Ferritin↓, CSCs↓, EMT↓, ROS↑, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, ER Stress↑, selectivity↑, eff↑, TumCG↓,
1878- DCA,  5-FU,    Synergistic Antitumor Effect of Dichloroacetate in Combination with 5-Fluorouracil in Colorectal Cancer
- in-vitro, CRC, LS174T - in-vitro, CRC, LoVo - in-vitro, CRC, SW-620 - in-vitro, CRC, HT-29
tumCV↓, eff↑, PDKs↓, lactateProd↓, Glycolysis↓, mitResp↑, TumCCA↑, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, Casp3↑,
1874- DCA,    Dichloroacetate induces apoptosis of epithelial ovarian cancer cells through a mechanism involving modulation of oxidative stress
- in-vitro, Ovarian, SKOV3 - in-vitro, Ovarian, MDAH-2774
Apoptosis↑, MPO↓, iNOS↓, Hif1a↓, SOD↑, Casp3↑,
1444- Deg,    Deguelin promotes apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis of gastric cancer
- in-vitro, GC, MKN-28
Casp9↑, Casp3↑, Hif1a↓, VEGF↓, TumCCA↑, TumCG↓, DNAdam↑, p‑Akt↓,
6676- Deg,    Deguelin’s Anticancer Bioactivity: Challenges and Opportunities in Medicinal Chemistry
- Review, Var, NA
TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, NF-kB↓, Wnt↓, TumCCA↑, TumMeta↑, antiOx↑, Inflam↓, angioG↓, Half-Life↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, EMT↓, PTEN↑, ChemoSen↑, toxicity↑, *BBB↑,
6674- Deg,    Deguelin induces the apoptosis of lung cancer cells through regulating a ROS driven Akt pathway
- in-vitro, Lung, H1975
ROS↑, eff↓, p‑Akt↓, Casp3↑, Apoptosis↑,
6707- DFC,    Markers of mitochondrial dysfunction during the diclofenac-induced apoptosis in melanoma cell lines
- in-vitro, Melanoma, NA
TumCP↓, ROS↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, Casp3↑, SOD2↑, Cyt‑c↑,
6697- DFC,    Diclofenac induces apoptosis in hepatocytes by alteration of mitochondrial function and generation of ROS
Inflam↓, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, MPT↑, mt-ROS↑,
6663- DFE,    Nutraceuticals of Phoenix dactylifera L.: Physicochemistry, Nutritional Value and Therapeutic Potential
- Review, Nor, NA - Review, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *AntiBio↑, *AntiDiabetic↑, *AntiCan↑, *AntiArt↑, *neuroP↑, *hepatoP↑, *GastroP↑, *other↝, *cardioP↑, *cognitive↑, *ROS↓, *memory↑, *other↝, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, *GA↑, *Catechins↑, *FA↑, *QC↑, Api↑, *CA↑, *Imm↑, *Phen↑, *IL1β↓, *TGF-β↓, *COX1↓, *COX2/PTGS2↓, TumCP↓, Casp3↑, TumMeta↓, *GutMicro↑,
6665- DFE,    Cytotoxic Effect of Phoenix dactylifera (Iraqi Date) Leaves and Fruits Extracts against Breast Cancers Cell Lines
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, CAL51 - in-vitro, BC, MCF7
TumCD↑, eff↓, selectivity↑, AntiCan↑, TumCP↓, MMP↓, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑,
4455- DFE,    Ajwa Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Extract Inhibits Human Breast Adenocarcinoma (MCF7) Cells In Vitro by Inducing Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest
- in-vitro, BC, MCF7 - in-vitro, Nor, 3T3
TumCCA↑, P53↑, BAX↑, Casp3↑, MMP↓, Fas↑, FasL↑, Bcl-2↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCP↓, TUNEL↑, eff↑, selectivity↑,
1854- dietFMD,    How Far Are We from Prescribing Fasting as Anticancer Medicine?
- Review, Var, NA
ChemoSideEff↓, ChemoSen↑, IGF-1↓, IGFBP1↑, adiP↑, glyC↓, E-cadherin↑, MMPs↓, Casp3↑, ROS↑, ATP↓, AMPK↑, mTOR↓, ROS↑, Glycolysis↓, NADPH↓, OXPHOS↝, eff↑, eff↑, *RAS↓, *MAPK↓, *PI3K↓, *Akt↓, eff↑, ROS↑, Akt↑, Casp3↑,
1860- dietFMD,  Chemo,    Fasting-mimicking diet blocks triple-negative breast cancer and cancer stem cell escape
- in-vitro, BC, SUM159 - in-vitro, BC, 4T1
PI3K↑, Akt↑, mTOR↑, CDK4↑, CDK6↑, hyperG↓, TumCG↓, TumVol↓, Casp3↑, BG↓, eff↑, eff∅, PKA↓, KLF5↓, p‑GSK‐3β↑, Nanog↓, OCT4↓, KLF2↓, eff↑, ROS↑, BIM↑, ASK1↑, PI3K↑, Akt↑, mTOR↑, CDK1↓, CDK4↑, CDK6↑, eff↑,
2270- dietMet,    Methionine-restricted diet inhibits growth of MCF10AT1-derived mammary tumors by increasing cell cycle inhibitors in athymic nude mice
- in-vivo, Var, NA
Weight↓, TumVol↓, P21↑, p27/CDKN1B↑, *adiP↑, *glucose↓, *IGF-1↓, *FGF21↑, *OS↑, Ki-67↓, Casp3↑, cycD1/CCND1↓,
6290- DL,    Induction of apoptosis by d-limonene is mediated by a caspase-dependent mitochondrial death pathway in human leukemia cells
- in-vitro, AML, K562 - in-vitro, AML, HL-60
BAX↑, Cyt‑c↑, Casp9↑, cl‑Casp3↑, mtDam↑, Apoptosis↑,
6269- DL,    Induction of apoptosis by D-limonene is mediated by inactivation of Akt in LS174T human colon cancer cells
- in-vitro, CRC, LS174T
tumCV↓, Apoptosis↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, cl‑PARP↑, BAX↑, Cyt‑c↑, Bcl-2↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓,

Showing Research Papers: 351 to 400 of 1040
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* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 1040

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 1,   GSH↓, 3,   mt-GSH↓, 1,   HO-1↑, 2,   hyperG↓, 1,   MPO↓, 1,   NQO1↓, 1,   NQO1↑, 1,   NRF2↓, 2,   NRF2↑, 1,   NRF2↝, 1,   OXPHOS↑, 1,   OXPHOS↝, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 19,   ROS↝, 1,   mt-ROS↑, 1,   SOD↑, 1,   SOD2↑, 1,   Trx↓, 1,   Trx2↓, 1,   TrxR↓, 2,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology(tgid=2) ⓘ

Ferritin↓, 1,   KLF5↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

AIF↑, 1,   ATP↓, 2,   CDC25↓, 2,   EGF↑, 1,   mitResp↑, 1,   MMP↓, 5,   MPT↑, 1,   mtDam↑, 1,   XIAP↓, 3,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

adiP↑, 1,   AMPK↑, 1,   cMyc↓, 1,   GlucoseCon↓, 2,   glyC↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 4,   lactateProd↓, 3,   NADPH↓, 1,   PDK1 / PDPK1↓, 2,   PDKs↓, 2,   PI3k/Akt/mTOR↓, 2,   PKM2↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↓, 5,   Akt↑, 4,   Akt↝, 1,   p‑Akt↓, 5,   Apoptosis↑, 30,   Apoptosis↝, 1,   ASK1↑, 1,   BAX↑, 13,   BAX↝, 1,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 3,   Bcl-2↓, 17,   Bcl-2↝, 1,   Bcl-xL↓, 1,   Bcl-xL↝, 1,   BIM↑, 2,   Casp12↑, 1,   Casp3↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 36,   Casp3↝, 1,   cl‑Casp3↑, 12,   proCasp3↓, 1,   Casp7↑, 2,   Casp8↑, 3,   Casp9↓, 1,   Casp9↑, 12,   Cyt‑c↑, 9,   Cyt‑c↝, 1,   Fas↑, 1,   FasL↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 1,   iNOS↓, 2,   JNK↑, 2,   JNK↝, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,   MAPK↑, 1,   Mcl-1↓, 1,   miR-497↑, 1,   p27/CDKN1B↑, 2,   PUMA↑, 1,   Pyro↑, 1,   survivin↓, 2,   Telomerase↓, 1,   TumCD↓, 1,   TumCD↑, 1,   TUNEL↑, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

SOX9?, 1,   Sp1/3/4↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

EZH2↓, 1,   KCNQ1OT1↓, 1,   miR-21↓, 1,   miR-27a-3p↓, 1,   miR-30a-5p↑, 1,   other↑, 1,   other↝, 3,   PhotoS↑, 2,   sonoS↑, 1,   tumCV↓, 4,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

CHOP/DDIT3↑, 1,   eIF2α↑, 1,   p‑eIF2α↑, 1,   ER Stress↑, 3,   GRP78/BiP↑, 1,   UPR↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

ATG3↑, 1,   ATG5↑, 1,   Beclin-1/ATG6↑, 1,   LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, 1,   LC3I↓, 1,   LC3II↓, 1,   LC3II↑, 1,   LC3s↓, 1,   p62↑, 2,   TumAuto↑, 4,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 5,   mt-DNAdam↑, 1,   DNMT1↓, 1,   p16↑, 1,   P53↑, 6,   P53↝, 1,   p‑P53↑, 1,   PARP↓, 1,   PARP↑, 2,   p‑PARP↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 7,   cl‑PARP1↑, 1,   PCLAF↓, 1,   PCNA↓, 1,   SMG1↑, 1,   TP53↑, 1,   p‑γH2AX↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

CDK1↓, 1,   CDK2↓, 2,   CDK4↑, 2,   Cyc↝, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 2,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 6,   cycD1/CCND1↝, 1,   cycE/CCNE↓, 1,   P21↑, 5,   P21↝, 1,   TumCCA↑, 16,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

Axin2↑, 1,   cDC2↓, 1,   CSCs↓, 3,   EIF4E↓, 1,   EMT↓, 4,   ERK↓, 3,   p‑ERK↑, 1,   FOXM1↓, 1,   Gli1↓, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 2,   p‑GSK‐3β↑, 1,   HH↓, 1,   IGF-1↓, 1,   IGFBP1↑, 1,   mTOR↓, 4,   mTOR↑, 2,   mTOR↝, 1,   p‑mTOR↓, 3,   mTORC1↓, 1,   Nanog↓, 2,   NOTCH↓, 1,   NOTCH1↓, 2,   OCT4↓, 2,   PI3K↓, 4,   PI3K↑, 2,   PI3K↝, 1,   p‑PI3K↓, 1,   circ‑PLEKHM3↑, 1,   PRKCG↑, 1,   PTEN↑, 3,   PTEN↝, 1,   RPS6KA1↓, 1,   Shh↓, 1,   SOX2↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 2,   TumCG↓, 8,   Wnt↓, 2,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

5LO↓, 1,   AP-1↝, 1,   CXCL12↓, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 3,   FAK↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,   KLF2↓, 1,   LAMs↓, 1,   miR-320a↓, 1,   miR-340↑, 1,   MMP2↓, 2,   MMP2↝, 1,   MMP9↓, 3,   MMPs↓, 2,   N-cadherin↓, 1,   PKA↓, 1,   Slug↓, 1,   p‑SMAD2↓, 1,   p‑SMAD3↓, 1,   TGF-β↓, 2,   TumCI↓, 4,   TumCMig↓, 7,   TumCP↓, 18,   TumMeta↓, 4,   TumMeta↑, 1,   α-SMA↓, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↝, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↓, 3,   ATF4↑, 1,   EGFR↓, 1,   EGFR↝, 1,   Hif1a↓, 4,   PDI↑, 1,   VEGF↓, 4,   VEGF↝, 1,   VEGFR2/KDR/Flk1↓, 1,   ZBTB10↑, 1,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

P-gp/ABCB1↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX2/PTGS2↓, 1,   COX2/PTGS2↝, 1,   IL2↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   IL6↝, 1,   Imm↑, 1,   Inflam↓, 2,   JAK↓, 1,   JAK2↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 9,   NF-kB↝, 1,   p‑p65↓, 1,   PSA↝, 1,   TLR4↝, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,   TNF-α↝, 1,  

Cellular Microenvironment(tgid=17) ⓘ

pH↑, 1,  

Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ

NLRP3↑, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

AR↝, 1,   CDK6↑, 2,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 4,   BioAv↑, 4,   ChemoSen↑, 8,   eff↓, 4,   eff↑, 15,   eff∅, 1,   Half-Life↓, 1,   Half-Life↑, 1,   Half-Life↝, 1,   RadioS↑, 3,   selectivity↑, 4,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

AR↝, 1,   BG↓, 1,   EGFR↓, 1,   EGFR↝, 1,   EZH2↓, 1,   Ferritin↓, 1,   FOXM1↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   IL6↝, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,   PSA↝, 1,   TP53↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 2,   AntiTum↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 1,   chemoP↑, 1,   chemoPv↑, 1,   ChemoSideEff↓, 1,   hepatoP↑, 1,   OS↑, 3,   toxicity↑, 1,   toxicity↝, 1,   TumVol↓, 4,   TumVol↑, 1,   Weight↓, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

Bacteria↑, 1,  

Ingredients & Constituents(tgid=25) ⓘ

Api↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 281

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

AntiArt↑, 1,   AntiBio↑, 1,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↓, 1,   antiOx↑, 3,   Catalase↑, 2,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↑, 2,   GSR↓, 1,   H2O2↓, 1,   lipid-P↓, 1,   MDA↓, 2,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 5,   SOD↑, 3,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

AIF↓, 1,   ATP↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

adiP↑, 1,   FGF21↑, 1,   glucose↓, 1,   LDH↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↓, 1,   Apoptosis↓, 1,   Casp3↓, 2,   Casp9↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

other↝, 2,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

GSK‐3β↓, 1,   IGF-1↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 1,   RAS↓, 1,   STAT↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

TGF-β↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

NO↓, 1,   NO↑, 1,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

BBB↑, 1,   GastroP↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX1↓, 1,   COX2/PTGS2↓, 2,   IL1β↓, 2,   IL2↓, 1,   IL4↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Imm↑, 2,   INF-γ↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 5,   NF-kB↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

GutMicro↑, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   LDH↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   AntiDiabetic↑, 2,   AntiTum↓, 1,   cardioP↑, 2,   chemoPv↑, 1,   cognitive↑, 3,   hepatoP↑, 2,   memory↑, 2,   neuroP↑, 3,   OS↑, 1,   radioP↑, 1,  

Ingredients & Constituents(tgid=25) ⓘ

CA↑, 1,   Catechins↑, 1,   FA↑, 1,   GA↑, 1,   Phen↑, 1,   QC↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 70

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: Casp3, CPP32, Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3
36 Silver-NanoParticles
35 Quercetin
32 Curcumin
29 Thymoquinone
26 Apigenin (mainly Parsley)
23 Sulforaphane (mainly Broccoli)
21 Baicalein
21 Berberine
18 EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate)
18 Emodin
18 Fisetin
17 Shikonin
16 Chrysin
16 Honokiol
15 Propolis -bee glue
14 Artemisinin
14 Magnetic Fields
14 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
14 Capsaicin
14 Licochalcone A
13 Cisplatin
13 Ashwagandha(Withaferin A)
13 Kaempferol
12 Betulinic acid
12 Boron
12 Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin
11 Eugenol
11 Gambogic Acid
11 Hyperoside
10 Radiotherapy/Radiation
10 Chlorogenic acid
10 Ginkgetin
10 Graviola
10 isoorientin
10 Juglone
10 Luteolin
10 Resveratrol
9 Alpha-Lipoic-Acid
9 Carvacrol
9 Magnolol
9 Phenylbutyrate
8 doxorubicin
8 D-limonene
8 Citric Acid
8 Dandelion Root
8 Formononetin
8 Garcinol
8 Ivermectin
8 Lycopene
7 5-fluorouracil
7 Gallic acid
7 Isobavachalcone
7 Vitexin
7 Phenethyl isothiocyanate
7 Piperlongumine
7 Rosmarinic acid
6 Beta-Caryophyllene
6 Bufalin/Huachansu
6 chaetocin
6 chitosan
6 Ferulic acid
6 IP6 (Inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate)
6 Nimbolide
6 Selenite (Sodium)
6 Vitamin K2
5 Boswellia (frankincense)
5 α-Bisabolol / Chamomile oil
5 Caffeic acid
5 Chemotherapy
5 Centella asiatica / Gotu kola → asiaticoside
5 Crocetin
5 Ursolic acid
5 Dichloroacetate
5 salinomycin
5 Ellagic acid
5 Paclitaxel/Taxol
5 Evodiamine
5 Isoliquiritigenin
5 isoquercitrin
5 lambertianic acid
5 Magnetic Field Rotating
5 Plumbagin
5 Aflavin-3,3′-digallate
4 3-bromopyruvate
4 Cynara scolymus/Globe Artichoke/Artichoke Extract
4 Melatonin
4 Anethole/trans-Anethole
4 Astaxanthin
4 Photodynamic Therapy
4 Bromelain
4 borneol
4 Carvone
4 Cucurbitacin
4 Geraniol
4 Isovitexin
4 Lemongrass Extract/Citral
4 Naringin
4 Propyl gallate
4 Piperine
4 VitK3,menadione
4 Urolithin
3 Auranofin
3 Metformin
3 Berbamine
3 Biochanin A
3 Brucea javanica
3 Carnosic acid
3 Thymol-Thymus vulgaris
3 Celastrol
3 Cynaropicrin
3 Deguelin
3 Date Fruit Extract
3 Docetaxel
3 Echinacea
3 Fenbendazole
3 Fucoidan
3 Ginkgo biloba
3 Ginkgolide B
3 Gossypol/AT-101
3 Hydrogen Gas
3 Hydroxycinnamic-acid
3 Hibiscus sabdariffa
3 Helleborus niger extracts – Christmas Rose
3 Rutin
3 itraconazole
3 Laetrile B17 Amygdalin
3 Psoralidin
3 Pterostilbene
3 α-Santalol/Sandalwood oil
3 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
2 1,8-Cineole
2 Coenzyme Q10
2 Astragalus
2 SonoDynamic Therapy UltraSound
2 entinostat
2 Gemcitabine (Gemzar)
2 tamoxifen
2 Phyllanthus emblica/Emblica officinalis/Amla / Indian Gooseberry
2 Andrographis
2 Fennel Oil/Foeniculum vulgare
2 Aloe anthraquinones
2 brusatol
2 Bullatacin
2 Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE)
2 Cat’s Claw
2 Cichoric acid / Chicoric acid
2 methotrexate
2 Cinnamon
2 Copper and Cu NanoParticles
2 Diclofenac
2 diet FMD Fasting Mimicking Diet
2 Ginkgo biloba-EGb 761
2 Electrical Pulses
2 Eurycomanone
2 Ginkgolic acids
2 Ginger/6-Shogaol/Gingerol
2 HydroxyCitric Acid
2 HydroxyTyrosol
2 Huperzine A/Huperzia serrata
2 Inositol
2 Licorice
2 Lactoferrin/Talactoferrin
2 Magnesium
2 Oleuropein
2 Parthenolide
2 Selenium
2 Selenium NanoParticles
2 Vitamin D3
1 5-Aminolevulinic acid
1 Camptothecin
1 Resiquimod
1 Ajoene (compound of Garlic)
1 Acetyl-l-carnitine
1 alpha Linolenic acid
1 DTS(dibenzyl trisulphide) from Anamu
1 Angelica archangelica / Garden Angelica
1 2-DeoxyGlucose
1 Ascorbyl Palmitate
1 Trastuzumab
1 almonertinib
1 epirubicin
1 temozolomide
1 Bacopa monnieri
1 Butyrate
1 Mung Bean Sprouts
1 Sorafenib (brand name Nexavar)
1 immunotherapy
1 Polyphenols
1 Oxaliplatin
1 CUSP9
1 Dichloroacetophenone(2,2-)
1 diet Methionine-Restricted Diet
1 Cannabichromene
1 eicosapentaenoic acid
1 ferumoxytol
1 Geldanamycin
1 Radicicol/monorden
1 Bortezomib
1 carboplatin
1 Galloflavin
1 Ginseng
1 γ-linolenic acid (Borage Oil)
1 Gold NanoParticles
1 hydrogen sulfide
1 Orlistat
1 Hyperthermia
1 Indole-3-carbinol
1 iodine
1 Inulin Prebiotic
1 Morin
1 Lactobacillus
1 tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
1 Lapachol
1 Lasiodin
1 Linalool
1 Lutein
1 Iron
1 Myricetin
1 nelfinavir/Viracept
1 sericin
1 isoflavones
1 Rauwolfia serpentina/Indian Snakeroot
1 buckwheat sprouts
1 Sanguinarine
1 Scoulerine
1 polyethylene glycol
1 Folic Acid, Vit B9
1 Osimertinib
1 Adagrasib
1 Terpinen-4-ol / Tea Tree Oil
1 Taurine
1 triptolide
1 Turmerones
1 Vitamin B1/Thiamine
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:42  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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