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| TGF-β1 is one of three TGF-β ligands (β1, β2, β3) that initiate the TGF-β signaling cascade. In the context of cancer, TGF-β1 plays a dual role: Tumor Suppressor in Early Stages: In normal and early-stage tumor cells, TGF-β1 typically inhibits cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, and maintains tissue homeostasis. Tumor Promoter in Advanced Stages: As cancer progresses, TGF-β1 often promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), enhances invasiveness, contributes to immune evasion, and fosters a pro-metastatic microenvironment. Role in Early Tumorigenesis: Acts as a tumor suppressor via growth arrest and apoptosis. Role in Advanced Cancers: Promotes EMT, invasion, metastasis, and immune suppression. Expression in Cancer Types: Increased in advanced/ aggressive tumors in many cancer types. Prognostic Implications Elevated TGF-β1: associated with poor prognosis in several cancers due to its pro-tumorigenic functions. Therapeutic Targeting Blocking TGF-β1 activity (via antibodies or ligand traps) to reduce its tumor-promoting actions. |
| 2662- | AL, | Allicin inhibits tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation under high glucose conditions in vitro |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HK-2 |
| 2696- | BBR, | Berberine regulates proliferation, collagen synthesis and cytokine secretion of cardiac fibroblasts via AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway |
| - | in-vivo, | Nor, | NA |
| 2694- | BBR, | Berberine down-regulates IL-8 expression through inhibition of the EGFR/MEK/ERK pathway in triple-negative breast cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | NA |
| 3528- | Lyco, | The Importance of Antioxidant Activity for the Health-Promoting Effect of Lycopene |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA | - | Review, | Park, | NA |
| 204- | MFrot, | MF, | Rotating magnetic field improved cognitive and memory impairments in a sporadic ad model of mice by regulating microglial polarization |
| - | in-vivo, | AD, | NA |
| 4926- | PEITC, | PEITC inhibits the invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells by blocking TGF-β-induced EMT |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | SW48 |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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