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| Type: biomarker |
| CA 19-9 and Cancer — Tumor Burden Marker, Treatment Monitoring Tool, and Its Limits CA 19-9 (also known as sialyl-Lewis A) is a glycan epitope expressed on mucins and other glycoproteins. It is not a gene and not a cancer-specific molecule by design. Typically UPREGULATED in circulation in certain cancers due to increased production and/or impaired biliary clearance. Elevation reflects tumor burden and ductal involvement, not oncogenic signaling. Where CA 19-9 Is Clinically Relevant Highest utility: -Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) -Cholangiocarcinoma -Gallbladder cancer Secondary/limited utility: -Gastric and colorectal cancers (subset; nonspecific) Appropriate uses -Baseline assessment at diagnosis (prognostic) -Monitoring response to therapy -Detecting recurrence after treatment -Trend analysis over time (most important) CA 19-9 can be elevated without cancer, especially with: -Biliary obstruction or cholestasis -Cholangitis or pancreatitis -Liver disease The Lewis Antigen Issue (Often Missed) ~5–10% of people are Lewis antigen–negative (Leᵃ⁻ᵇ⁻) and cannot synthesize CA 19-9. Implications: -CA 19-9 may be falsely low or undetectable despite advanced cancer -A “normal” CA 19-9 does not exclude disease in these patients Higher baseline CA 19-9 → worse prognosis (on average) |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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