Luteolin / SOD Cancer Research Results

LT, Luteolin: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Luteolin a Flavonoid found in celery, parsley, broccoli, onion leaves, carrots, peppers, cabbages, apple skins, and chrysanthemum flowers.
-MDR1 expression, MMP-9, IGF-1 and Epithelial to mesenchymal transition.

-Note half-life 2–3 hours
BioAv low, but could be improved with Res, or blend of castor oil, kolliphor and polyethylene glycol
Pathways:
- induce ROS production in cancer cell but a few reports of reduction. Always seems to reduce ROS in normal cells.
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, UPR↑, GRP78↑, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓
- Lowers AntiOxidant defense in Cancer Cells: NRF2↓, SOD↓">SOD↓, GSH↓ Catalase↓ HO1↓ GPx↓
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑">SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓,
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, EMT↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, TIMP2, IGF-1↓, VEGF↓, FAK↓, RhoA↓, NF-κB↓, CXCR4↓, ERK↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : HDAC↓, DNMT1↓, DNMT3A↓, EZH2↓, P53↑, HSP↓,
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓, TOP1↓, TET1↓,
- inhibits glycolysis and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, GRP78↑,
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Notch↓, PDGF↓, EGFR↓, Integrins↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK, TrxR**, - Shown to modulate the nuclear translocation of SREBP-2 (related to cholesterol).
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,

- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells

Luteolin — Cancer vs Normal Cell Effects
Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells Label Primary Interpretation Notes
1 PI3K → AKT → mTOR axis ↓ AKT / ↓ mTOR signaling ↔ adaptive suppression Driver Loss of survival and growth signaling Luteolin consistently suppresses PI3K/AKT signaling, explaining growth inhibition and apoptosis sensitization
2 NF-κB signaling ↓ NF-κB activation ↓ inflammatory NF-κB tone Driver Suppression of inflammatory survival transcription NF-κB inhibition is a core, repeatedly observed luteolin effect
3 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ↑ ROS (context- & dose-dependent) ↓ ROS / buffered Conditional Driver Biphasic redox modulation Luteolin can act as a pro-oxidant in cancer cells while remaining antioxidant in normal cells
4 Mitochondrial integrity / intrinsic apoptosis ↓ ΔΨm; ↑ caspase activation ↔ preserved Secondary Execution of intrinsic apoptosis Mitochondrial apoptosis follows signaling and redox stress
5 STAT3 signaling ↓ STAT3 activation ↔ minimal Secondary Loss of proliferative and stemness signaling STAT3 suppression contributes to reduced invasion and CSC traits
6 Cell cycle regulation ↑ G1 or G2/M arrest ↔ spared Phenotypic Cytostatic growth control Cell-cycle arrest reflects upstream pathway inhibition
7 Migration / invasion (EMT, MMP axis) ↓ migration & invasion ↔ Phenotypic Anti-metastatic phenotype Reduced EMT and protease activity limit invasiveness


SOD, superoxide dismutase: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
SOD, or superoxide dismutase, is an important antioxidant enzyme that plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress. It catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.
SOD Isoforms: There are three main isoforms of SOD:
SOD1 (cytosolic): Often found to be overexpressed in certain tumors, which may help cancer cells survive in oxidative environments.
SOD2 (mitochondrial): Plays a critical role in protecting mitochondria from oxidative damage. Its expression can be upregulated in some cancers, contributing to tumor growth and resistance to therapy.
SOD3 (extracellular): Its role in cancer is less well understood, but it may have implications in the tumor microenvironment and metastasis.
The expression levels of SOD can serve as a prognostic indicator in some cancers. For example, high levels of SOD expression have been associated with poor prognosis in certain types of tumors, potentially due to their role in promoting tumor cell survival and resistance to therapies.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2919- LT,    Luteolin as a potential therapeutic candidate for lung cancer: Emerging preclinical evidence
- Review, Var, NA
RadioS↑, ChemoSen↑, chemoP↑, *lipid-P↓, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *GSTs↑, *GSH↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *Casp3↓, *IL10↑, NRF2↓, HO-1↓, NQO1↓, GSH↓, MET↓, p‑MET↓, p‑Akt↓, HGF/c-Met↓, NF-kB↓, Bcl-2↓, SOD2↓, Casp8↑, Casp3↑, PARP↑, MAPK↓, NLRP3↓, ASC↓, Casp1↓, IL6↓, IKKα↓, p‑p65↓, p‑p38↑, MMP2↓, ICAM-1↓, EGFR↑, p‑PI3K↓, E-cadherin↓, ZO-1↑, N-cadherin↓, CLDN1↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, Snail↓, Vim↑, ITGB1↓, FAK↓, p‑Src↓, Rac1↓, Cdc42↓, Rho↓, PCNA↓, Tyro3↓, AXL↓, CEA↓, NSE↓, SOD↓, Catalase↓, GPx↓, GSR↓, GSTs↓, GSH↓, VitE↓, VitC↓, CYP1A1↓, cFos↑, AR↓, AIF↑, p‑STAT6↓, p‑MDM2↓, NOTCH1↓, VEGF↓, H3↓, H4↓, HDAC↓, SIRT1↓, ROS↑, DR5↑, Cyt‑c↑, p‑JNK↑, PTEN↓, mTOR↓, CD34↓, FasL↑, Fas↑, XIAP↓, p‑eIF2α↑, CHOP↑, LC3II↑, PD-1↓, STAT3↓, IL2↑, EMT↓, cachexia↓, BioAv↑, *Half-Life↝, *eff↑,
2921- LT,    Luteolin as a potential hepatoprotective drug: Molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies
- Review, Nor, NA
*hepatoP↑, *AMPK↑, *SIRT1↑, *ROS↓, STAT3↓, TNF-α↓, NF-kB↓, *IL2↓, *IFN-γ↓, *GSH↑, *SREBP1↓, *ZO-1↑, *TLR4↓, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, XIAP↓, Fas↑, Casp8↑, Beclin-1↑, *TXNIP↓, *Casp1↓, *IL1β↓, *IL18↓, *NLRP3↓, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *NRF2↑, *ER Stress↓, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *iNOS↓, *IL6↓, *HO-1↑, *NQO1↑, *PPARα↑, *ATF4↓, *CHOP↓, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *GutMicro↑,
2916- LT,    Antioxidative and Anticancer Potential of Luteolin: A Comprehensive Approach Against Wide Range of Human Malignancies
- Review, Var, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA
proCasp9↓, CDC2↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, Cyt‑c↑, cycA1/CCNA1↑, CDK2↓, APAF1↑, TumCCA↑, P53↑, BAX↑, VEGF↓, Bcl-2↓, Apoptosis↑, p‑Akt↓, p‑EGFR↓, p‑ERK↓, p‑STAT3↓, cardioP↑, Catalase↓, SOD↓, *BioAv↓, *antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *NO↓, *GSTs↑, *GSR↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *lipid-P↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, CDK2↓, BNIP3↑, hTERT/TERT↓, DR5↑, Beclin-1↑, TNF-α↓, NF-kB↓, IL1↓, IL6↓, EMT↓, FAK↓, E-cadherin↑, MDM2↓, NOTCH↓, MAPK↑, Vim↓, N-cadherin↓, Snail↓, MMP2↓, Twist↓, MMP9↓, ROS↑, MMP↓, *AChE↓, *MMP↑, *Aβ↓, *neuroP↑, Trx1↑, ROS↓, *NRF2↑, NRF2↓, *BBB↑, ChemoSen↑, GutMicro↑,
2913- LT,    Luteolin induces apoptosis by impairing mitochondrial function and targeting the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in gastric cancer cells
- in-vitro, GC, HGC27 - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, GC, MKN45
TumCP↓, MMP↓, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, SOD↓, ATP↓, Bax:Bcl2↑, TumCCA↑,
2912- LT,    Luteolin: a flavonoid with a multifaceted anticancer potential
- Review, Var, NA
ROS↑, TumCCA↑, TumCP↓, angioG↓, ER Stress↑, mtDam↑, PERK↑, ATF4↑, eIF2α↑, cl‑Casp12↑, EMT↓, E-cadherin↑, N-cadherin↓, Vim↓, *neuroP↑, NF-kB↓, PI3K↓, Akt↑, XIAP↓, MMP↓, Ca+2↑, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Bcl-2↓, Cyt‑c↑, IronCh↑, SOD↓, *ROS↓, *LDHA↑, *SOD↑, *GSH↑, *BioAv↓, Telomerase↓, cMyc↓, hTERT/TERT↓, DR5↑, Fas↑, FADD↑, BAD↑, BOK↑, BID↑, NAIP↓, Mcl-1↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, MAPK↓, AKT1↓, Akt2↓, *Beclin-1↓, Hif1a↓, LC3II↑, Beclin-1↑,
4292- LT,    Luteolin for neurodegenerative diseases: a review
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, MS, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *neuroP↑, *BioAv↝, *BBB↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *IL8↓, *IL33↓, *NF-kB↓, *BACE↓, *ROS↓, *SOD↑, *HO-1↑, *NRF2↑, *Casp3↓, *Casp9↑, *Bax:Bcl2↓, *UPR↑, *GRP78/BiP↑, *Aβ↓, *GSK‐3β↓, *tau↓, *CREB↑, *ATP↑, *cognitive↑, *BloodF↑, *BDNF↑, *TrkB↑, *memory↑, *PPARγ↑, *eff↑,
986- LT,  doxoR,    Luteolin as a glycolysis inhibitor offers superior efficacy and lesser toxicity of doxorubicin in breast cancer cells
- in-vitro, BC, 4T1 - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
SOD↓, Catalase↓, Glycolysis↓,
1275- LT,    Mechanism of luteolin induces ferroptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
- in-vitro, Laryn, NA
Ferroptosis↑, MDA↑, Iron↑, SOD↓, GSH↓, GPx4↓, SOX4↓, GDF15↓,
2906- LT,    Luteolin, a flavonoid with potentials for cancer prevention and therapy
- Review, Var, NA
*Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, antiOx⇅, Apoptosis↑, TumCP↓, TumMeta↓, angioG↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, NF-kB↓, XIAP↓, P53↑, *ROS↓, *GSTA1↑, *GSR↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *other↓, ROS↑, Dose↝, chemoP↑, NF-kB↓, JNK↑, p27↑, P21↑, DR5↑, Casp↑, Fas↑, BAX↑, MAPK↓, CDK2↓, IGF-1↓, PDGF↓, EGFR↓, PKCδ↓, TOP1↓, TOP2↓, Bcl-xL↓, FASN↓, VEGF↓, VEGFR2↓, MMP9↓, Hif1a↓, FAK↓, MMP1↓, Twist↓, ERK↓, P450↓, CYP1A1↓, CYP1A2↓, TumCCA↑,
2907- LT,    Protective effect of luteolin against oxidative stress‑mediated cell injury via enhancing antioxidant systems
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*ROS↓, *Casp9↓, *Casp3↓, *Bcl-2↑, *BAX↓, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *HO-1↑, *antiOx↑, *lipid-P↓, *p‑γH2AX↓, eff↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 10 of 10

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 10

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx⇅, 1,   Catalase↓, 3,   CYP1A1↓, 2,   Ferroptosis↑, 1,   GPx↓, 1,   GPx4↓, 1,   GSH↓, 3,   GSR↓, 1,   GSTs↓, 1,   HO-1↓, 1,   Iron↑, 1,   MDA↑, 1,   NQO1↓, 1,   NRF2↓, 2,   ROS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 5,   SOD↓, 6,   SOD2↓, 1,   Trx1↑, 1,   VitC↓, 1,   VitE↓, 1,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology ⓘ

IronCh↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

AIF↑, 1,   ATP↓, 1,   BOK↑, 1,   CDC2↓, 1,   MMP↓, 3,   mtDam↑, 1,   XIAP↓, 4,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

AKT1↓, 1,   cMyc↓, 1,   FASN↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 1,   SIRT1↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 2,   Akt↑, 1,   p‑Akt↓, 2,   APAF1↑, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 3,   BAD↑, 1,   BAX↑, 4,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 4,   Bcl-xL↓, 1,   BID↑, 1,   Casp↑, 1,   Casp1↓, 1,   cl‑Casp12↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 3,   Casp8↑, 2,   Casp9↑, 2,   proCasp9↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 3,   DR5↑, 4,   FADD↑, 1,   Fas↑, 4,   FasL↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 1,   HGF/c-Met↓, 1,   hTERT/TERT↓, 2,   JNK↑, 1,   p‑JNK↑, 1,   MAPK↓, 3,   MAPK↑, 1,   Mcl-1↓, 1,   MDM2↓, 1,   p‑MDM2↓, 1,   NAIP↓, 1,   p27↑, 1,   p‑p38↑, 1,   Telomerase↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

H3↓, 1,   H4↓, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

CHOP↑, 1,   eIF2α↑, 1,   p‑eIF2α↑, 1,   ER Stress↑, 1,   PERK↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

Beclin-1↑, 3,   BNIP3↑, 1,   LC3II↑, 2,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

P53↑, 2,   PARP↑, 1,   PCNA↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK2↓, 4,   CDK4↓, 1,   cycA1/CCNA1↑, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   P21↑, 1,   TumCCA↑, 4,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

CD34↓, 1,   cFos↑, 1,   EMT↓, 3,   ERK↓, 1,   p‑ERK↓, 1,   GDF15↓, 1,   HDAC↓, 1,   IGF-1↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,   NOTCH↓, 1,   NOTCH1↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 3,   p‑PI3K↓, 1,   PTEN↓, 1,   p‑Src↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 2,   p‑STAT3↓, 1,   p‑STAT6↓, 1,   TOP1↓, 1,   TOP2↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

Akt2↓, 1,   AXL↓, 1,   Ca+2↑, 1,   Cdc42↓, 1,   CEA↓, 1,   CLDN1↓, 1,   E-cadherin↓, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 2,   FAK↓, 3,   ITGB1↓, 1,   MET↓, 1,   p‑MET↓, 1,   MMP1↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 2,   MMP9↓, 2,   N-cadherin↓, 3,   PDGF↓, 1,   PKCδ↓, 1,   Rac1↓, 1,   Rho↓, 1,   Snail↓, 2,   SOX4↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 3,   TumMeta↓, 1,   Twist↓, 2,   Tyro3↓, 1,   Vim↓, 2,   Vim↑, 1,   ZO-1↑, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 2,   ATF4↑, 1,   EGFR↓, 1,   EGFR↑, 1,   p‑EGFR↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 2,   VEGF↓, 3,   VEGFR2↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

ASC↓, 1,   ICAM-1↓, 1,   IKKα↓, 1,   IL1↓, 1,   IL2↑, 1,   IL6↓, 2,   NF-kB↓, 6,   p‑p65↓, 1,   PD-1↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 2,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

NLRP3↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

AR↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↑, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 2,   CYP1A2↓, 1,   Dose↝, 1,   eff↑, 1,   P450↓, 1,   RadioS↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

AR↓, 1,   CEA↓, 1,   EGFR↓, 1,   EGFR↑, 1,   p‑EGFR↓, 1,   GutMicro↑, 1,   hTERT/TERT↓, 2,   IL6↓, 2,   NSE↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   cachexia↓, 1,   cardioP↑, 1,   chemoP↑, 2,  
Total Targets: 180

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 4,   Catalase↑, 4,   GPx↑, 2,   GSH↑, 4,   GSR↑, 2,   GSTA1↑, 1,   GSTs↑, 2,   HO-1↑, 3,   lipid-P↓, 3,   MDA↓, 1,   NQO1↑, 1,   NRF2↑, 3,   ROS↓, 6,   SOD↑, 7,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

ATP↑, 1,   MMP↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   AMPK↑, 1,   CREB↑, 1,   LDHA↑, 1,   PPARα↑, 1,   PPARγ↑, 1,   SIRT1↑, 1,   SREBP1↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

BAX↓, 1,   Bax:Bcl2↓, 1,   Bcl-2↑, 1,   Casp1↓, 1,   Casp3↓, 3,   Casp9↓, 1,   Casp9↑, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↓, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

CHOP↓, 1,   ER Stress↓, 1,   GRP78/BiP↑, 1,   UPR↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

Beclin-1↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

p‑γH2AX↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

GSK‐3β↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

TXNIP↓, 1,   ZO-1↑, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

ATF4↓, 1,   NO↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

BBB↑, 2,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

IFN-γ↓, 1,   IL10↑, 1,   IL18↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 3,   IL2↓, 1,   IL33↓, 1,   IL6↓, 2,   IL8↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 3,   NF-kB↓, 1,   TLR4↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 2,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

AChE↓, 1,   BDNF↑, 1,   tau↓, 1,   TrkB↑, 1,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Aβ↓, 2,   BACE↓, 1,   NLRP3↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 2,   BioAv↝, 1,   eff↑, 2,   Half-Life↝, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   AST↓, 1,   BloodF↑, 1,   GutMicro↑, 1,   IL6↓, 2,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

cognitive↑, 1,   hepatoP↑, 1,   memory↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 3,  
Total Targets: 77

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: SOD, superoxide dismutase
10 Luteolin
1 doxorubicin
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:118  Target#:298  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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