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| Hormone in the body made by pineal gland. • Melatonin is a potent antioxidant. It neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which are involved in DNA damage and cancer progression. • Melatonin has been shown to modulate apoptotic pathways by influencing mitochondrial permeability, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation. • In several cancer cell models, melatonin appears to promote apoptosis in malignant cells while sparing normal cells. The most well-known indolamines are serotonin and melatonin, both of which play significant roles in regulating mood, sleep, and overall mental well-being. Melatonin doses (20 mg to even 40 mg per day), often given as an adjuvant treatment for cancer. -The plasma half-life of melatonin is generally in the range of approximately 20 to 60 minutes -It has been suggested that administering melatonin at the appropriate phase of the circadian cycle may enhance its anti-tumor activity and reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Bio-availability: Oral melatonin has a low and variable bio-availability (often estimated between 3% and 33%), which means that only a fraction of the ingested dose reaches the bloodstream unchanged. For proOxidant effect might need >10uM, which might be 100mg dose (assuming 10% bio-availability) Might also be required X10 levels? -It remains unknown whether the pro-oxidant action exists in vivo. the vast majority of evidence indicates that melatonin is a potent antioxidant in vivo even at pharmacological concentrations. Interactions: -Melatonin could potentially add to the blood pressure–lowering properties of antihypertensive drugs. -Patients using insulin should be monitored for changes in blood glucose levels. -Melatonin might interact with drugs like warfarin, aspirin, or clopidogrel.(antiplatelet) Melatonin Cancer Relevant Pathways
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| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level. Cellular ATP levels are critical for cell survival, and several reports have shown that reductions in cellular ATP levels can lead to apoptosis and other types of cell death in cancer cells, depending on the level of depletion. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the main biochemical components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), where it can promote tumor progression or tumor suppression depending on its concentration and on the specific ecto-nucleotidases and receptors expressed by immune and cancer cells. Cancer cells, unlike normal cells, derive as much as 60% of their ATP from glycolysis via the “Warburg effect”, and the remaining 40% is derived from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. |
| 1780- | MEL, | Utilizing Melatonin to Alleviate Side Effects of Chemotherapy: A Potentially Good Partner for Treating Cancer with Ageing |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1778- | MEL, | Melatonin: a well-documented antioxidant with conditional pro-oxidant actions |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 995- | MEL, | Melatonin Treatment Triggers Metabolic and Intracellular pH Imbalance in Glioblastoma |
| - | vitro+vivo, | GBM, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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