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| Hormone in the body made by pineal gland. • Melatonin is a potent antioxidant. It neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which are involved in DNA damage and cancer progression. • Melatonin has been shown to modulate apoptotic pathways by influencing mitochondrial permeability, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation. • In several cancer cell models, melatonin appears to promote apoptosis in malignant cells while sparing normal cells. The most well-known indolamines are serotonin and melatonin, both of which play significant roles in regulating mood, sleep, and overall mental well-being. Melatonin doses (20 mg to even 40 mg per day), often given as an adjuvant treatment for cancer. -The plasma half-life of melatonin is generally in the range of approximately 20 to 60 minutes -It has been suggested that administering melatonin at the appropriate phase of the circadian cycle may enhance its anti-tumor activity and reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Bio-availability: Oral melatonin has a low and variable bio-availability (often estimated between 3% and 33%), which means that only a fraction of the ingested dose reaches the bloodstream unchanged. For proOxidant effect might need >10uM, which might be 100mg dose (assuming 10% bio-availability) Might also be required X10 levels? -It remains unknown whether the pro-oxidant action exists in vivo. the vast majority of evidence indicates that melatonin is a potent antioxidant in vivo even at pharmacological concentrations. Interactions: -Melatonin could potentially add to the blood pressure–lowering properties of antihypertensive drugs. -Patients using insulin should be monitored for changes in blood glucose levels. -Melatonin might interact with drugs like warfarin, aspirin, or clopidogrel.(antiplatelet) Melatonin Cancer Relevant Pathways
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| Type: white blood cell |
| T cells are white blood cells that play a central role in the adaptive immune response. Subsets and Function: Cytotoxic T Cells (CD8+): Recognize and kill infected or malignant cells. Helper T Cells (CD4+): Assist in orchestrating the immune response by secreting cytokines and supporting the functions of other immune cells. T cells, particularly CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, can recognize tumor antigens presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and directly kill malignant cells. Regulatory T Cells (Tregs): Maintain immune tolerance and prevent autoimmunity but may also suppress anti-tumor responses in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs): Tumor Microenvironment: The presence of T cells within tumors, often referred to as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, is a key indicator of an ongoing anti-tumor immune response. Regulatory T Cells (Tregs): Tregs within the tumor environment may inhibit the activity of cytotoxic T cells through the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines (e.g., IL-10, TGF-β), thus allowing tumors to evade the immune response. In many cancers, a robust T cell infiltrate is correlated with a better overall survival, lower rates of relapse, and improved responses to therapy. Assessing the type, density, and activation state of T cells in the tumor microenvironment can provide valuable prognostic information. High levels of active, cytotoxic T cells generally indicate a better prognosis. |
| 1782- | MEL, | Melatonin in Cancer Treatment: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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