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| Hormone in the body made by pineal gland. • Melatonin is a potent antioxidant. It neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which are involved in DNA damage and cancer progression. • Melatonin has been shown to modulate apoptotic pathways by influencing mitochondrial permeability, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation. • In several cancer cell models, melatonin appears to promote apoptosis in malignant cells while sparing normal cells. The most well-known indolamines are serotonin and melatonin, both of which play significant roles in regulating mood, sleep, and overall mental well-being. Melatonin doses (20 mg to even 40 mg per day), often given as an adjuvant treatment for cancer. -The plasma half-life of melatonin is generally in the range of approximately 20 to 60 minutes -It has been suggested that administering melatonin at the appropriate phase of the circadian cycle may enhance its anti-tumor activity and reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Bio-availability: Oral melatonin has a low and variable bio-availability (often estimated between 3% and 33%), which means that only a fraction of the ingested dose reaches the bloodstream unchanged. For proOxidant effect might need >10uM, which might be 100mg dose (assuming 10% bio-availability) Might also be required X10 levels? -It remains unknown whether the pro-oxidant action exists in vivo. the vast majority of evidence indicates that melatonin is a potent antioxidant in vivo even at pharmacological concentrations. Interactions: -Melatonin could potentially add to the blood pressure–lowering properties of antihypertensive drugs. -Patients using insulin should be monitored for changes in blood glucose levels. -Melatonin might interact with drugs like warfarin, aspirin, or clopidogrel.(antiplatelet) Melatonin Cancer Relevant Pathways
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| Type: protein |
| Also known as SLC2A1 An important hallmark in cancer cells is the increase in glucose uptake. GLUT1 is an important target in cancer treatment because cancer cells upregulate GLUT1, a membrane protein that facilitates the basal uptake of glucose in most cell types, to ensure the flux of sugar into metabolic pathways. GLUT1 is a member of the facilitated glucose transporter family and is widely expressed in various tissues, including red blood cells, brain, and cancer cells. GLUT1 has been shown to be overexpressed in many types of tumors, including breast, lung, and colon cancer. This overexpression may contribute to the development and progression of cancer by promoting glucose uptake and energy production in cancer cells. GLUT1 is a protein that facilitates the transport of glucose across cell membranes. GLUT1 plays a role in the regulation of glucose metabolism in diabetes. GLUT1 plays a role in the regulation of glucose metabolism in diabetes. GLUT1 is also known to be involved in the Warburg effect. GLUTs are expressed 10–12-fold higher in cancer cells than in healthy tissues, especially in highly proliferative and malignant tumors. Downregulators: -Resveratrol: associated with reduced GLUT1 expression. -Curcumin: downregulate GLUT1 in various cancer cell lines -Quercetin: downregulating the expression and function of GLUT1. -EGCG: suppress GLUT1 expression -Berberine: linked to decreased expression or activity of GLUT1. |
| 1782- | MEL, | Melatonin in Cancer Treatment: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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