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| Hormone in the body made by pineal gland. • Melatonin is a potent antioxidant. It neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which are involved in DNA damage and cancer progression. • Melatonin has been shown to modulate apoptotic pathways by influencing mitochondrial permeability, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation. • In several cancer cell models, melatonin appears to promote apoptosis in malignant cells while sparing normal cells. The most well-known indolamines are serotonin and melatonin, both of which play significant roles in regulating mood, sleep, and overall mental well-being. Melatonin doses (20 mg to even 40 mg per day), often given as an adjuvant treatment for cancer. -The plasma half-life of melatonin is generally in the range of approximately 20 to 60 minutes -It has been suggested that administering melatonin at the appropriate phase of the circadian cycle may enhance its anti-tumor activity and reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Bio-availability: Oral melatonin has a low and variable bio-availability (often estimated between 3% and 33%), which means that only a fraction of the ingested dose reaches the bloodstream unchanged. For proOxidant effect might need >10uM, which might be 100mg dose (assuming 10% bio-availability) Might also be required X10 levels? -It remains unknown whether the pro-oxidant action exists in vivo. the vast majority of evidence indicates that melatonin is a potent antioxidant in vivo even at pharmacological concentrations. Interactions: -Melatonin could potentially add to the blood pressure–lowering properties of antihypertensive drugs. -Patients using insulin should be monitored for changes in blood glucose levels. -Melatonin might interact with drugs like warfarin, aspirin, or clopidogrel.(antiplatelet) Melatonin Cancer Relevant Pathways
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| Also called CCND1 Gatekeeper of Cell-Cycle Commitment The main function of cyclin D1 is to maintain cell cycle and to promote cell proliferation. Cyclin D1 is a key regulatory protein involved in the cell cycle, particularly in the transition from the G1 phase to the S phase. It is part of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complex, where it binds to CDK4 or CDK6 to promote cell cycle progression. Cyclin D1 is crucial for the regulation of the cell cycle. Overexpression or dysregulation of cyclin D1 can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation, a hallmark of cancer. Cyclin D1 is often found to be overexpressed in various cancers. Cyclin D1 can interact with tumor suppressor proteins, such as retinoblastoma (Rb). When cyclin D1 is overexpressed, it can lead to the phosphorylation and inactivation of Rb, releasing E2F transcription factors that promote the expression of genes required for DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. Cyclin D1 is influenced by various signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, which are often activated in cancer. In some cancers, high levels of cyclin D1 expression have been associated with poor prognosis, making it a potential biomarker for cancer progression and treatment response. |
| 1782- | MEL, | Melatonin in Cancer Treatment: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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