Pterostilbene / GSH/GSSG Cancer Research Results

PTS, Pterostilbene: Click to Expand ⟱

Features:

Antioxidant found in blueberries, cranberries and grapes.
Pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-40-hydroxystilbene) is a naturally occurring stilbene, found mainly in blueberries and grapes. It is a dimethylated derivative of resveratrol with comparable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties [26].
-more bioavailable than resveratrol
-Antioxidant activity: Reduces reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation
-Anti-inflammatory: Downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines- IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB
-Amyloid pathology:inhibits Aβ aggregation and promotes clearance- Aβ, APP, BACE1
-Reduces hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
-Inhibits histone deacetylases (HDACs)
-Increases acetylcholine by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase
-Sirtuin activation

Rank	Pathway / Axis	Cancer Cells	Normal Cells	Label	Primary Interpretation	Notes
1	SIRT1 / AMPK metabolic sensing	↑ AMPK; context-dependent SIRT1 modulation	↑ SIRT1 / ↑ AMPK	Driver	Energy-stress signaling	Pterostilbene strongly engages energy-sensing pathways due to high bioavailability
2	PI3K → AKT → mTOR axis	↓ AKT / ↓ mTOR	↔ adaptive suppression	Driver	Growth and survival inhibition	AKT/mTOR suppression explains cytostatic and pro-apoptotic effects in cancer cells
3	Reactive oxygen species (ROS)	↑ ROS (mild, dose-dependent)	↓ ROS / buffered	Conditional Driver	Biphasic redox modulation	More balanced redox profile than resveratrol; weaker pro-oxidant behavior
4	Mitochondrial integrity / intrinsic apoptosis	↓ ΔΨm; ↑ caspase activation	↔ preserved	Secondary	Execution of apoptosis	Mitochondrial apoptosis follows metabolic and redox stress
5	NF-κB signaling	↓ NF-κB activation	↓ inflammatory NF-κB tone	Secondary	Suppression of inflammatory survival programs	NF-κB inhibition contributes to anti-invasive and chemosensitizing effects
6	Cell cycle regulation	↑ G1 or G2/M arrest	↔ spared	Phenotypic	Cytostatic growth control	Cell-cycle arrest reflects upstream metabolic and signaling effects
7	NRF2 antioxidant response	↑ NRF2 (adaptive)	↑ NRF2 (protective)	Adaptive	Redox compensation	NRF2 activation contributes to stress buffering rather than primary cytotoxicity

GSH/GSSG, GSH/GSSG ratio: Click to Expand ⟱

Source:

Type:

Glutathione (GSH) is a ubiquitous tripeptide antioxidant that plays a key role in mitigating oxidative damage. GSH is oxidized by ROS to form a homodimer disulfide (GSSG).
The ratio between GSH and GSSG can be used as a metric to define the redox state of a cell, and imbalances in this ratio leading to excess GSSG can cause cell death.
GSH/GSSG ratio can be altered in various types of cancer, including breast, lung, colon, and prostate cancer. In general, increased GSH levels and decreased GSSG levels are associated with cancer progression and poor prognosis.

Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱

5033-

PTS,

Involvement of the Nrf2 Pathway in the Regulation of Pterostilbene-Induced Apoptosis in HeLa Cells via ER Stress

in-vitro,

Cerv,

HeLa

ER Stress↑, ROS↑, NRF2↑, TumCP↓, GSH/GSSG↓,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 1 of 1

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 1

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:

Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

GSH/GSSG↓, 1, NRF2↑, 1, ROS↑, 1,

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

ER Stress↑, 1,

Migration ⓘ

TumCP↓, 1,
Total Targets: 5

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:

Total Targets: 0

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: GSH/GSSG, GSH/GSSG ratio

Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells