Rutin / NF-kB Cancer Research Results

RT, Rutin: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Rutin, a Quercetin Glycoside
Rutin, a natural flavonoid glycoside found in many plants like buckwheat, citrus fruits, and apples, has shown promising neuroprotective and anticancer properties.
Rutin is a flavonoid glycoside composed of quercetin bound to the disaccharide rutinose. It is widely found in buckwheat, citrus fruits, apples, and tea. In cancer models, rutin exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and pro-apoptotic effects. Because it is glycosylated, rutin itself has relatively low cellular permeability; many biological effects are mediated after intestinal hydrolysis to quercetin and subsequent phase-II metabolites. Mechanistically, rutin is most consistently associated with suppression of NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling, modulation of MAPK pathways, redox regulation (Nrf2/ROS balance), inhibition of angiogenesis (VEGF), and induction of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in preclinical systems. Effects are model-dependent and often concentration-dependent, with antioxidant behavior dominating in normal tissue contexts and context-dependent pro-oxidant effects described in some tumor settings.
-Scavenges free radicals, reduces oxidative stress
-Inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, TNF-α, and reduces activation of NF-κB.
-Inhibition of Aβ Aggregation (AD)
-Mild inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), helping enhance cholinergic function.
-May upregulate BDNF expression

Cancer:
-Induces cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase.
-Inhibits VEGF, Suppresses MMP-2 and MMP-9
-Inhibits PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways.
-Enhances sensitivity to Chemotherapy drugs like doxorubicin and cisplatin

Rutin has poor oral bioavailability, but this can be improved with nanoformulations or co-administration with absorption enhancers like piperine or quercetin.


Cancer Pathway Table: Rutin

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer / Tumor Context Normal Tissue Context TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 NF-κB inflammatory / survival signaling NF-κB ↓; COX-2, cytokines ↓ (reported) Inflammatory tone ↓ R, G Anti-inflammatory / anti-survival Frequently reported mechanism; contributes to reduced tumor-promoting inflammation and survival signaling.
2 PI3K → AKT → mTOR axis PI3K/AKT ↓; proliferation ↓ (model-dependent) ↔ R, G Growth signaling suppression Observed in several tumor models; often secondary to upstream redox and inflammatory modulation.
3 Cell-cycle regulation (Cyclins/CDKs; G1 or G2/M arrest) Cell-cycle arrest ↑ (reported) ↔ G Cytostasis Associated with reduced Cyclin D1/CDK expression; typically downstream of survival pathway inhibition.
4 Intrinsic apoptosis (mitochondrial pathway) Bax ↑; Bcl-2 ↓; caspases ↑ (reported) Minimal activation at lower exposure G Apoptotic execution Apoptosis induction frequently reported in vitro; magnitude depends on achievable intracellular concentration.
5 ROS modulation (biphasic redox behavior) ROS ↑ in some tumor contexts; apoptosis ↑ ROS ↓ (antioxidant protection) P, R Redox modulation Rutin is classically antioxidant but may promote oxidative stress in tumor cells under certain conditions (dose/metal-dependent).
6 Nrf2 / ARE antioxidant response Context-dependent modulation Nrf2 ↑; antioxidant enzymes ↑ R, G Redox buffering Common polyphenol signature; may protect normal tissue from oxidative injury.
7 MAPK pathways (ERK / JNK / p38) Stress-MAPK modulation (context-dependent) ↔ P, R, G Signal reprogramming JNK/p38 activation reported in apoptosis contexts; ERK modulation varies by model.
8 Angiogenesis signaling (VEGF) VEGF ↓; angiogenic outputs ↓ (reported) ↔ G Anti-angiogenic support Often secondary to NF-κB and PI3K suppression.
9 Invasion / metastasis (MMPs / EMT) MMP2/MMP9 ↓; migration ↓ (reported) ↔ G Anti-invasive phenotype Typically downstream of inflammatory and MAPK modulation.
10 Bioavailability constraint (glycoside → quercetin metabolism) Systemic exposure mainly as metabolites — — Translation constraint Rutin has limited direct cellular uptake; many effects likely mediated after conversion to quercetin and phase-II metabolites.

TSF: P = 0–30 min (rapid redox interactions), R = 30 min–3 hr (acute signaling shifts), G = >3 hr (gene-regulatory adaptation and phenotype outcomes).



Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Summary — Rutin

Rutin has been studied in preclinical neurodegeneration models for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondrial-protective properties. It is reported to modulate Nrf2 signaling, suppress NF-κB–mediated neuroinflammation, reduce oxidative stress, and attenuate amyloid-β–induced neuronal injury in experimental systems. Many effects may be mediated after hydrolysis to quercetin. Human clinical evidence remains limited.


Alzheimer’s Disease Table: Rutin

Rank Pathway / Axis AD / Neurodegeneration Context Normal Brain Context TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 Nrf2 / ARE antioxidant response Nrf2 ↑; HO-1 ↑; GSH ↑; oxidative damage ↓ (reported) Redox homeostasis support R, G Antioxidant neuroprotection Consistent polyphenol signature; reduces lipid peroxidation and ROS markers in AD models.
2 NF-κB / neuroinflammation Microglial activation ↓; TNF-α / IL-1β ↓ (reported) Inflammatory tone moderation R, G Anti-inflammatory modulation Neuroinflammation is a core AD driver; rutin shows suppression in animal models.
3 Amyloid-β toxicity modulation Aβ-induced ROS ↓; neuronal apoptosis ↓ (reported) ↔ G Anti-amyloid support Evidence mainly from in vitro and rodent models; not confirmed clinically.
4 Mitochondrial protection ΔΨm stabilization; ATP preservation (reported) Mitochondrial resilience R Bioenergetic protection Opposes mitochondrial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress.
5 MAPK (JNK / p38 stress signaling) Stress-MAPK suppression (reported) ↔ P, R Stress signaling reduction JNK/p38 activation linked to neuronal apoptosis; suppression reported in models.
6 Cholinergic signaling (reported in some models) AChE activity ↓ (reported) ↔ G Cognitive support (model-based) Evidence limited; magnitude smaller than pharmaceutical AChE inhibitors.
7 BBB penetration (metabolite-driven) Effects likely via quercetin metabolites Systemic metabolism required — Translation constraint Parent rutin has limited direct brain penetration; hydrolysis/metabolism important.
8 Clinical evidence Limited human AD trials — — Evidence constraint Most data preclinical; not established as AD therapy.

TSF: P = 0–30 min (early signaling modulation), R = 30 min–3 hr (stress-response shifts), G = >3 hr (gene-regulatory and neuroprotective outcomes).



NF-kB, Nuclear factor kappa B: Click to Expand ⟱
Source: HalifaxProj(inhibit)
Type:
NF-kB signaling
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in regulating immune response, inflammation, cell proliferation, and survival.
NF-κB is often found to be constitutively active in many types of cancer cells. This persistent activation can promote tumorigenesis by enhancing cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
3937- RT,    Rutin prevents tau pathology and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*p‑tau↓, *Inflam↓, *NF-kB↓, *cognitive↑, *Aβ↓, *memory↑, *neuroP↑, *BioAv↓, *BBB↑,
7954- RT,    Rutin : therapeutic potential and recent advances in drug delivery
- Review, Nor, NA - Review, IBD, NA
*antiOx↑, *antiAll↑, *Inflam↓, *AntiTum↑, *Bacteria↓, *AntiViral↑, *BioAv↓, *AntiArt↑, *PLA2↓, *chemoP↑, *ROS↓, *Casp3↓, *TNF-α↓, *NF-kB↓, *cardioP↑, *Stroke↓, *TG/TAG↓, *FFA/NEFA↓, *LDL↓, *HDL↑, *AntiDiabetic↑, *MPO↓, *NF-kB↓, *BioAv↓, *BioAv↝,
7951- RT,  BuckWS,    The anticancer potential of the dietary polyphenol rutin: Current status, challenges, and perspectives
- Review, Nor, NA
*Dose↝, *BioAv↓, *BioAv↓, *BioAv↓, *BioAv↓, *BioAv↝, TumCP↓, Risk↓, *radioP↑, chemoPv↑, TumCCA↑, GSK‐3β↑, Wnt↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, ROS↑, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, PARP↑, Beclin-1/ATG6↑, ATG5↑, LC3II↑, DNMT1↓, P21↑, CDK1↑, CycB/CCNB1↓, TNF-α↑, VEGF↓, IL1β↓, NF-kB↓, AP-1↓, MYCN↓, AMPK↑, MAPK↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, cMET↓, P-gp/ABCB1↓, MRP1/ABCC1↓, ABCG2↓, MMPs↓, TNF-α↓, iNOS↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, angioG↓, STAT3↓, *chemoP↑, *ROS↓, *MDA↓, *P53↓, *Casp3↓, *Casp9↓, *JNK↓, *TNF-α↓, *p38↓, *MAPK↓, GSH↓, ChemoSen↑, *hepatoP↑, *COX1↓, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *15-LOX/ALOX15↓, RenoP↑, *toxicity↓,
3934- RT,    Rutin: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Alzheimer Disease
- Review, AD, NA
*ROS↓, *Aβ↓, *neuroP↑, *memory↑, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *lipid-P↓, *MDA↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *cognitive↑, *BBB↑, *MAPK↑, *IL8↓, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *NF-kB↓, *iNOS↓,
3933- RT,    The Pharmacological Potential of Rutin
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Stroke, NA - Review, Arthritis, NA
*antiOx↑, *neuroP↑, *cardioP↑, *Inflam↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *IL8↓, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *iNOS↓, *NF-kB↓, *cognitive↑, *Cartilage↑, *AntiAg↑, *ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *hepatoP↑, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *RenoP↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 5 of 5

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 5

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

MYCN↓, 1,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

GSH↓, 1,   ROS↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

AMPK↑, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↓, 1,   BAX↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,   Casp8↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

ATG5↑, 1,   Beclin-1/ATG6↑, 1,   LC3II↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

DNMT1↓, 1,   PARP↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

CDK1↑, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   P21↑, 1,   TumCCA↑, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

cMET↓, 1,   GSK‐3β↑, 1,   PI3K↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 1,   Wnt↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

AP-1↓, 1,   MMPs↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,   VEGF↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

P-gp/ABCB1↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX2/PTGS2↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,   TNF-α↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

ABCG2↓, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 1,   MRP1/ABCC1↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

chemoPv↑, 1,   RenoP↑, 1,   Risk↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 43

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

15-LOX/ALOX15↓, 1,   antiAll↑, 1,   AntiArt↑, 1,   FFA/NEFA↓, 1,   PLA2↓, 1,   Stroke↓, 1,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 2,   GSH↑, 1,   HDL↑, 1,   lipid-P↓, 2,   MDA↓, 2,   MPO↓, 1,   ROS↓, 4,   SOD↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   LDL↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Casp3↓, 2,   Casp9↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 2,   JNK↓, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,   MAPK↑, 1,   p38↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

P53↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

AntiAg↑, 1,   Cartilage↑, 1,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

BBB↑, 2,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX1↓, 1,   COX2/PTGS2↓, 3,   IL1β↓, 2,   IL6↓, 1,   IL8↓, 2,   Inflam↓, 3,   NF-kB↓, 5,   TNF-α↓, 3,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission(tgid=18) ⓘ

p‑tau↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ

Aβ↓, 2,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 7,   BioAv↝, 2,   Dose↝, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   AST↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   TG/TAG↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiDiabetic↑, 1,   AntiTum↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 2,   chemoP↑, 2,   cognitive↑, 3,   hepatoP↑, 2,   memory↑, 2,   neuroP↑, 3,   radioP↑, 1,   RenoP↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

AntiViral↑, 1,   Bacteria↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 57

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: NF-kB, Nuclear factor kappa B
5 Rutin
1 buckwheat sprouts
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:143  Target#:214  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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