Rutin / Risk Cancer Research Results

RT, Rutin: Click to Expand ⟱

Features:

Rutin, a Quercetin Glycoside
Rutin, a natural flavonoid glycoside found in many plants like buckwheat, citrus fruits, and apples, has shown promising neuroprotective and anticancer properties.
Rutin is a flavonoid glycoside composed of quercetin bound to the disaccharide rutinose. It is widely found in buckwheat, citrus fruits, apples, and tea. In cancer models, rutin exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and pro-apoptotic effects. Because it is glycosylated, rutin itself has relatively low cellular permeability; many biological effects are mediated after intestinal hydrolysis to quercetin and subsequent phase-II metabolites. Mechanistically, rutin is most consistently associated with suppression of NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling, modulation of MAPK pathways, redox regulation (Nrf2/ROS balance), inhibition of angiogenesis (VEGF), and induction of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in preclinical systems. Effects are model-dependent and often concentration-dependent, with antioxidant behavior dominating in normal tissue contexts and context-dependent pro-oxidant effects described in some tumor settings.
-Scavenges free radicals, reduces oxidative stress
-Inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, TNF-α, and reduces activation of NF-κB.
-Inhibition of Aβ Aggregation (AD)
-Mild inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), helping enhance cholinergic function.
-May upregulate BDNF expression

Cancer:
-Induces cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase.
-Inhibits VEGF, Suppresses MMP-2 and MMP-9
-Inhibits PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways.
-Enhances sensitivity to Chemotherapy drugs like doxorubicin and cisplatin

Rutin has poor oral bioavailability, but this can be improved with nanoformulations or co-administration with absorption enhancers like piperine or quercetin.

Cancer Pathway Table: Rutin

Rank	Pathway / Axis	Cancer / Tumor Context	Normal Tissue Context	TSF	Primary Effect	Notes / Interpretation
1	NF-κB inflammatory / survival signaling	NF-κB ↓; COX-2, cytokines ↓ (reported)	Inflammatory tone ↓	R, G	Anti-inflammatory / anti-survival	Frequently reported mechanism; contributes to reduced tumor-promoting inflammation and survival signaling.
2	PI3K → AKT → mTOR axis	PI3K/AKT ↓; proliferation ↓ (model-dependent)	↔	R, G	Growth signaling suppression	Observed in several tumor models; often secondary to upstream redox and inflammatory modulation.
3	Cell-cycle regulation (Cyclins/CDKs; G1 or G2/M arrest)	Cell-cycle arrest ↑ (reported)	↔	G	Cytostasis	Associated with reduced Cyclin D1/CDK expression; typically downstream of survival pathway inhibition.
4	Intrinsic apoptosis (mitochondrial pathway)	Bax ↑; Bcl-2 ↓; caspases ↑ (reported)	Minimal activation at lower exposure	G	Apoptotic execution	Apoptosis induction frequently reported in vitro; magnitude depends on achievable intracellular concentration.
5	ROS modulation (biphasic redox behavior)	ROS ↑ in some tumor contexts; apoptosis ↑	ROS ↓ (antioxidant protection)	P, R	Redox modulation	Rutin is classically antioxidant but may promote oxidative stress in tumor cells under certain conditions (dose/metal-dependent).
6	Nrf2 / ARE antioxidant response	Context-dependent modulation	Nrf2 ↑; antioxidant enzymes ↑	R, G	Redox buffering	Common polyphenol signature; may protect normal tissue from oxidative injury.
7	MAPK pathways (ERK / JNK / p38)	Stress-MAPK modulation (context-dependent)	↔	P, R, G	Signal reprogramming	JNK/p38 activation reported in apoptosis contexts; ERK modulation varies by model.
8	Angiogenesis signaling (VEGF)	VEGF ↓; angiogenic outputs ↓ (reported)	↔	G	Anti-angiogenic support	Often secondary to NF-κB and PI3K suppression.
9	Invasion / metastasis (MMPs / EMT)	MMP2/MMP9 ↓; migration ↓ (reported)	↔	G	Anti-invasive phenotype	Typically downstream of inflammatory and MAPK modulation.
10	Bioavailability constraint (glycoside → quercetin metabolism)	Systemic exposure mainly as metabolites	—	—	Translation constraint	Rutin has limited direct cellular uptake; many effects likely mediated after conversion to quercetin and phase-II metabolites.

TSF: P = 0–30 min (rapid redox interactions), R = 30 min–3 hr (acute signaling shifts), G = >3 hr (gene-regulatory adaptation and phenotype outcomes).

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Summary — Rutin

Rutin has been studied in preclinical neurodegeneration models for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondrial-protective properties. It is reported to modulate Nrf2 signaling, suppress NF-κB–mediated neuroinflammation, reduce oxidative stress, and attenuate amyloid-β–induced neuronal injury in experimental systems. Many effects may be mediated after hydrolysis to quercetin. Human clinical evidence remains limited.

Alzheimer’s Disease Table: Rutin

Rank	Pathway / Axis	AD / Neurodegeneration Context	Normal Brain Context	TSF	Primary Effect	Notes / Interpretation
1	Nrf2 / ARE antioxidant response	Nrf2 ↑; HO-1 ↑; GSH ↑; oxidative damage ↓ (reported)	Redox homeostasis support	R, G	Antioxidant neuroprotection	Consistent polyphenol signature; reduces lipid peroxidation and ROS markers in AD models.
2	NF-κB / neuroinflammation	Microglial activation ↓; TNF-α / IL-1β ↓ (reported)	Inflammatory tone moderation	R, G	Anti-inflammatory modulation	Neuroinflammation is a core AD driver; rutin shows suppression in animal models.
3	Amyloid-β toxicity modulation	Aβ-induced ROS ↓; neuronal apoptosis ↓ (reported)	↔	G	Anti-amyloid support	Evidence mainly from in vitro and rodent models; not confirmed clinically.
4	Mitochondrial protection	ΔΨm stabilization; ATP preservation (reported)	Mitochondrial resilience	R	Bioenergetic protection	Opposes mitochondrial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress.
5	MAPK (JNK / p38 stress signaling)	Stress-MAPK suppression (reported)	↔	P, R	Stress signaling reduction	JNK/p38 activation linked to neuronal apoptosis; suppression reported in models.
6	Cholinergic signaling (reported in some models)	AChE activity ↓ (reported)	↔	G	Cognitive support (model-based)	Evidence limited; magnitude smaller than pharmaceutical AChE inhibitors.
7	BBB penetration (metabolite-driven)	Effects likely via quercetin metabolites	Systemic metabolism required	—	Translation constraint	Parent rutin has limited direct brain penetration; hydrolysis/metabolism important.
8	Clinical evidence	Limited human AD trials	—	—	Evidence constraint	Most data preclinical; not established as AD therapy.

TSF: P = 0–30 min (early signaling modulation), R = 30 min–3 hr (stress-response shifts), G = >3 hr (gene-regulatory and neuroprotective outcomes).

Risk, Risk: Click to Expand ⟱

Source:

Type:

Risk: by definition reduces risk of disease or cancer.
Down Target direction of risk indicates lower cancer risk.
ChemoPreventive also mean lower cancer risk. But for Chemopreventive an up arrow indicates more preventive.

Cancer Risk Impact Score (CRIS)
CRIS scale:
–5 = very strong risk reduction
–4 = strong risk reduction
–3 = moderate risk reduction
–2 = modest risk reduction
–1 = weak / context-dependent
0 = neutral


CRIS  Exposure / Compound  Evidence  Cancers  Notes


-5  Exercise (overall)
VStrong Hum  BC, CRC, Endo, PCa, Liv
↓insulin/IGF-1, ↓inflammation, ↑immune surveillance, ↓hormones



-5  Aerobic + resistance  VStrong Hum  Broad inc + mort
Best overall exercise synergy



-4  Aerobic exercise (mod–vig)  VStrong Hum  BC, CRC, Endo
Dose–response; ↓visceral fat



-4  Resistance training (alone)  Strong Hum  BC, CRC
↑insulin sensitivity; ↑lean mass



-3  High-intensity interval training  Mod–Strong Hum  BC, CRC
↑AMPK; ↑mitochondrial function; adherence matters



-2  NEAT / low-intensity activity  Moderate Hum  CRC
↓sedentary harm



-5  Cruciferous vegetable pattern  Strong Hum  Lung, CRC, BC, PCa
↑NRF2, ↓CYP1; ITC synergy



-5  Sunlight exposure (physiologic)  Strong Hum  CRC, BC, PCa
↑circadian alignment, ↑immune effects beyond vitamin D



-4  Fasting (metabolic pattern)
Strong Mech + Hum  BC, CRC, PCa 
↓IGF-1, ↓mTOR, ↑autophagy



-4  Curcumin
Hum + Pre  GI, BC, PCa
↓NF-κB, ↓STAT3



-4  Sulforaphane
Hum + Pre  Lung, CRC, BC
↑NRF2, ↓HDAC



-4  PEITC
Hum + Pre  Lung, CRC, PCa
↓CYP1A2, ↑apoptosis



-4  EGCG (tea matrix)
Strong Hum  GI, PCa, BC
↓angiogenesis; tea matrix superior to extract



-4  Lycopene
Strong Hum  PCa
↓oxidative DNA damage



-4  Apigenin
Pre + Diet Hum  BC, PCa, CRC 
↓PI3K-AKT, ↑p53



-4  Luteolin
Pre + Diet Hum  Lung, CRC, BC 
↓STAT3, ↓EMT



-4  Kaempferol
Diet Hum  Ov, Panc, Lung
↓VEGF, ↑apoptosis



-4  Fisetin
Pre + Early Hum  CRC, PCa, Mel
↓mTOR; senolytic activity



-4  Ellagic acid → Urolithin A
Hum (microbiome)  CRC, PCa, BC
↑mitophagy, ↓ER/AR signaling



-3  Omega-3 (EPA/DHA)
Strong Hum  CRC, BC
↓inflammation, ↓COX-2



-3  Vitamin D3 (supp)
Obs + RCT  CRC, BC
U-shaped response; ↓proliferation



-3  Garlic (allicin)
Mod Hum  GI
↓inflammation, ↓H. pylori



-3  Mushroom beta-glucans
Hum adjunct  GI, BC
↑NK cells, ↑immune surveillance



-3  Melatonin
Hum + Mech  BC, PCa
↓estrogen signaling, ↑circadian regulation



-3  Coffee (whole)
Strong Hum  Liv, Endo
↓fibrosis, ↓inflammation



-2  Quercetin
Limited Hum  Lung, CRC
Senolytic; ↓PI3K signaling



-2  Resveratrol
Limited Hum  CRC, BC
↓NF-κB; low bioavailability



-2  I3C / DIM
Mod Hum  BC, Cerv
↑2-OH estrogen, ↓ER signaling



-2  Thymoquinone
Early Hum  BC, CRC
↑apoptosis, ↓NF-κB



-2  Beta-carotene (food)
Hum  Lung
Antioxidant only in whole-food context



-1  Vitamin K2 (MK-4/7)
Limited Hum  Liv, PCa
↓proliferation, ↑differentiation



-1  Boron
Obs  PCa, Lung
↓inflammation; hormone modulation



0  Vitamin C (oral)
Strong Hum  —
Neutral overall effect



0  Genistein (soy)
Strong Hum  BC, PCa
Timing-dependent effects



0  Selenium (diet)
Mixed Hum  PCa
Narrow therapeutic window



0  Capsaicin
Mixed  Gastric
Dose-dependent effects



+2  Vitamin E (alpha only)
Strong RCT  PCa
Increased risk signal



+2  Green tea extract (high-dose)
Case reports  Liv
Hepatotoxicity reported



+4  Beta-carotene (supplement)
Strong RCT  Lung (smokers)
Increased lung cancer risk in smokers



+5  Alcohol (ethanol)
Strong Hum  BC, Liv, Eso
Linear increase in cancer risk




Evidence
Hum        human data
VStrong    very strong
Strong     strong
Mod        moderate
Obs        observational
Pre        preclinical
RCT        randomized controlled trial
Mech       mechanistic
Adjunct    adjunct clinical use

Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱

7951-

RT,

BuckWS,

The anticancer potential of the dietary polyphenol rutin: Current status, challenges, and perspectives

Review,

Nor,

*Dose↝, *BioAv↓, *BioAv↓, *BioAv↓, *BioAv↓, *BioAv↝, TumCP↓, Risk↓, *radioP↑, chemoPv↑, TumCCA↑, GSK‐3β↑, Wnt↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, ROS↑, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, PARP↑, Beclin-1/ATG6↑, ATG5↑, LC3II↑, DNMT1↓, P21↑, CDK1↑, CycB/CCNB1↓, TNF-α↑, VEGF↓, IL1β↓, NF-kB↓, AP-1↓, MYCN↓, AMPK↑, MAPK↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, cMET↓, P-gp/ABCB1↓, MRP1/ABCC1↓, ABCG2↓, MMPs↓, TNF-α↓, iNOS↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, angioG↓, STAT3↓, *chemoP↑, *ROS↓, *MDA↓, *P53↓, *Casp3↓, *Casp9↓, *JNK↓, *TNF-α↓, *p38↓, *MAPK↓, GSH↓, ChemoSen↑, *hepatoP↑, *COX1↓, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *15-LOX/ALOX15↓, RenoP↑, *toxicity↓,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 1 of 1

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 1

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

chemoPv↑, 1, RenoP↑, 1, Risk↓, 1,
Total Targets: 43

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:

NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

15-LOX/ALOX15↓, 1,

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

MDA↓, 1, ROS↓, 1,

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Casp3↓, 1, Casp9↓, 1, JNK↓, 1, MAPK↓, 1, p38↓, 1,

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

P53↓, 1,

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX1↓, 1, COX2/PTGS2↓, 1, TNF-α↓, 1,

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 4, BioAv↝, 1, Dose↝, 1,

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

chemoP↑, 1, hepatoP↑, 1, radioP↑, 1, toxicity↓, 1,
Total Targets: 19

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: Risk, Risk

Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:143  Target#:785  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

Rutin / Risk Cancer Research Results

Cancer Pathway Table: Rutin

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Summary — Rutin

Alzheimer’s Disease Table: Rutin

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:

NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:

NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

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