Database Query Results : Selenium, , radioP

Se, Selenium: Click to Expand ⟱
Features: micronutrient
Naturally occurring element. Selenium is incorporated into selenoproteins, such as glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) and thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs), which play critical roles in protecting cells from oxidative damage.
Involved in GPx, TrxR, ans Selenoprotien P which protect normal cells from oxidative stress.
Important in Thyroid hormone metabolism, immune system regulation, reproductive health, and Brain and heart protection.

-recommended daily allowance (RDA) for selenium is about 55 µg/day for adults. (upper tolerance 400ug/day)
-One Brazil nut may contain 50-300ug/nut

Sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃) is a selenium compound with well-documented anticancer and chemopreventive properties
-Oxidation state: +4 (selenite form of selenium)
-Type: Inorganic selenium compound (water-soluble)

-Sodium selenite generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) selectively in tumor cells.
-Induces cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and DNA fragmentation.
-Reduces VEGF expression and endothelial cell migration.
-Blocks cell division at G2/M phase
-Suppresses MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity
-Activates p53
-Inhibits NF-κB
-PI3K/Akt/mTOR Suppression
-Inactivation of Thioredoxin/Glutathione systems

Narrow therapeutic window:
-Low micromolar (≤5 µM) → anticancer
-High (>10 µM) → toxic to normal cells

Some Selenium Supplements use Sodium Selenite as the active ingredient.
- NOW Foods Selenium, Nature's Bounty Selenium, etc

Other common form is Selenomethionine, as it is better absorbed (found in brazil nuts), but might be less effective?

Sodium selenite might protect against toxicity of AgNPs. also here

In the chemical synthesis of selenium nanoparticles, a precursor such as sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃) is dissolved in water to form a homogenous solution. A reducing agent, like ascorbic acid or sodium borohydride (NaBH₄), is then added to the solution. The reducing agent donates electrons to the selenium ions (SeO32−SeO32), reducing them to elemental selenium (Se0Se^0). This reduction process leads to the nucleation of selenium atoms, which subsequently grow into nanoparticles through controlled aggregation.

Se NPs might be hepatoprotective.
(chemoprotective) (radioprotective) (radiosensitizer)

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are a biocompatible, less-toxic, 
and more controllable form of selenium compared to inorganic salts (like sodium selenite).
Major SeNPs hepatoprotective mechanisms
Mechanism	              Description	                       Key markers affected
1. Antioxidant activity	      SeNPs boost antioxidant enzyme          ↓ ROS, ↓ MDA, ↑ GSH, ↑ GPx
                              systems (GPx, SOD, CAT) and scavenge 
                              ROS directly.	
2. Anti-inflammatory effect   Downregulate NF-κB, TNF-α,              ↓ TNF-α, ↓ IL-1β, ↓ IL-6
                              IL-6, and COX-2 pathways.	
3. Anti-apoptotic action      Balance between Bcl-2/Bax and reduce    ↑ Bcl-2, ↓ Bax, ↓ Caspase-3
                              caspase-3 activation in hepatocytes.	
4. Metal/toxin chelation      SeNPs can bind or transform toxic       ↓ liver metal accumulation
                              metals (Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, As³⁺) 
                              into less harmful complexes.	
5. Mitochondrial protection   Maintain membrane potential,            Preserved ΔΨm, ↑ ATP
                              prevent mitochondrial ROS burst, 
                              and ATP loss.	
6. Regeneration support	      Stimulate hepatocyte proliferation      ↑ PCNA, improved histology
                              and repair via redox signaling 
                              and selenoproteins.

Comparison: SeNPs vs. Sodium Selenite
Property	             SeNPs	                   Sodium Selenite
Toxicity	             Low	                   Moderate–high
Bioavailability	             Controlled, often slow-       Rapid, less controllable
                             release	
ROS balance	             Adaptive, mild antioxidant	   Can flip to pro-oxidant easily
Safety margin	             Wide	                   Narrow
Hepatoprotection	     Strong, sustained	           Protective at low dose, 
                                                           toxic at high dose
"30 mg of Na2SeO3.5H2O was added to 90 mL of Milli-Q water. Ascorbic acid (10 mL, 56.7 mM) was added dropwise to sodium selenite solution with vigorous stirring. 10 µL of polysorbate were added after each 2 ml of ascorbic acid. Selenium nanoparticles were formed after the addition of ascorbic acid. This can be visualized by a color change of the reactant solution from clear white to clear red. All solutions were made in a sterile environment by using a sterile cabinet and double distilled water."
radioP, RadioProtective: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Protect against the damaging effects of radiation therapy.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
4615- Se,  Rad,    Selenium as an adjuvant for modification of radiation response
- Review, Nor, NA
*antiOx↑, Selenium is a trace element in the body that has shown potent antioxidant and radioprotective effects for many years
*radioP↑,
*GSH↑, via upregulation of glutathione (GSH) level and glutathione peroxidase activity
*GPx↑,
*Dose↝, recent years have shown that selenium is able to mitigate radiation toxicity when administered after exposure.
selectivity↑, selenium protects different normal cells against radiation, while it may sensitize tumor cells.
RadioS↑, its radiosensitive effect on cancer cells.

4614- Se,  Rad,    Updates on clinical studies of selenium supplementation in radiotherapy
- Review, Nor, NA
*toxicity∅, At the dose of selenium used in these studies (200–500 μg/day), selenium supplementation did not reduce the effectiveness of radiotherapy, and no toxicities were reported.
Risk↓, moderate deficiency of selenium has been linked to many conditions, such as an increased risk of cancer, infections and male infertility;
*selenoP↑, Selenium in selenoproteins can reduce oxidative damage and can limit DNA damage
*ROS↓,
*DNAdam↓,
*QoL↑, Most of the studies revealed positive effects of selenium supplementation on the general condition of the patients and their quality of life.
*radioP↑, prevented or reduced the side effects of radiotherapy and did not reduce the effectiveness of radiotherapy or cause any toxicity.
*Dose↝, sodium selenite at doses ranging from 200–500 μg daily by oral administration may offer benefits for head and neck cancer; head and neck cancer with lymphedema; and oral, cervical and uterine cancer patients who undergo radiotherapy and have low sele

4613- Se,  Rad,    Effect of Selenium and Selenoproteins on Radiation Resistance
- Review, Nor, NA
*selenoP↑, GPX1 is a selenoprotein with an active site containing selenocysteine
*GPx1↑,
*GPx4↑, GPX4 effectively inhibits lipid peroxide, it also promotes DNA repair
*lipid-P↓,
*DNAdam↓,
*ROS↓, It has been reported that selenium and selenoproteins can scavenge ROS directly.
*radioP↑, selenium and selenium protein as radiation protective agents to alleviate multiple organ damage caused by radiation or treat related diseases.

4612- Se,  Rad,    Histopathological Evaluation of Radioprotective Effects: Selenium Nanoparticles Protect Lung Tissue from Radiation Damage
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*radioP↑, This study highlights the significant potential of SeNPs as radioprotective agents, showing they mitigate radiation-induced lung damage by preserving tissue integrity and reducing inflammation, consistent with their known antioxidant and anti-inflamm
*Inflam↓,
*antiOx↑,
*Dose↝, SeNPs were administered via intraperitoneal (IP) injection starting 10 days before irradiation, continuing until the day of irradiation. On the tenth day, final doses were given 30 minutes prior to irradiation
*DNAdam↓, SeNPs have attracted considerable interest as radioprotective agents due to their capacity to reduce radiation-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage.[
*ROS↓, By scavenging ROS and enhancing the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase SOD and glutathione peroxidase GPx,
*SOD↑,
*GPx↑,
*Dose↝, predominant dosage of 0.5 mg/kg body weight used in our experiments is consistent with previous studies that have documented its efficacy
*eff↑, combination of SeNPs with other agents, such as fish oil, has been shown to enhance protective effects against liver toxicity induced by radiation and chemotherapy

4611- Se,  Rad,    Radioprotective Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles: A Mini Review
- Review, Var, NA
*antiOx↑, The reviewed studies showed that selenium nanoparticles had anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
*Inflam↓,
*radioP↑, Furthermore, there was evidence of efficient radioprotection for the organs examined without significant side effects.
*ROCK1↓, Selenium nanoparticles can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by ionizing radiation, protect normal cells from DNA damage and apoptosis, and increase the radiosensitivity of tumor cells.
*DNAdam↓,
*Apoptosis↓,
*RadioS↑,
*Dose↝, The studies that mainly used a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight of SeNPs to assess its radioprotective effects were included for analysis. This dose of SeNPs was effective in preventing kidney and liver damage caused by IR.

4610- Se,  Rad,    Protection during radiotherapy: selenium
- Review, Var, NA
*radioP↑, Ebselen, and sodium selenite, emerges as a promising radioprotective agent with demonstrated efficacy across diverse radiation-injured organs, highlighting its significance as an effective and potent antioxidant that affordable for most patients.
*antiOx↑,
*Inflam↓, In short, the antioxidation, anti-inflammatory effect and DNA stabilizing formed the protective effects of selenium against DNA damage induced by radiation
*DNAdam↓,
*lipid-P↓, Se-Met could efficiently inhibit the formation of lipid peroxy radicals, preventing lipid peroxidation
*selenoP↑, primarily enhance the expression of selenoproteins, thus sodium selenite may not be inherently antioxidant until incorporated into selenoproteins with oxidoreductase functions
*GPx1↑, sodium selenite could increase GPx-1 activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner
*BUN↓, 100 µg/day of selenium in the form of sodium selenite or Se-L-Met, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of rats significantly decreased.

4608- Se,    Selenium Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: From Development and Characterization to Therapeutics
- Review, Var, NA - NA, AD, NA
*toxicity↝, Although Se shows several beneficial properties in human health, it has also a narrow therapeutic window, and therefore the excessive intake of inorganic and organic Se-based compounds often leads to toxicity
*toxicity↓, Nanoparticles based on Se (SeNPs) are less toxic than inorganic and organic Se.
*other↝, The twenty-first amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec),[4] is used to produce selenoproteins, whose function often depends on the presence of Se in their active site,[5] such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) protection.
ROS↑, SeNPs led to the production of higher levels of ROS than those obtained following the treatment of cancer cells with selenite, therefore presenting better antitumor properties than the Se salts
*Dose↝, recommended daily allowance (RDA) is 60 µg/day for women, 70 µg d−1 for men,[3] 75 µg d−1 for lactating women, and 65 µg d−1 for pregnant women according to the European Food Safety Authority
*selenoP↑, Se is mostly used for the production of selenoproteins, which are essential to human health due to their antioxidant effect, and role in controlling thyroid hormone metabolism, protein folding, redox signaling, among other functions.
AntiCan↑, Se has demonstrated antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties,[3] decreasing the risk of tuberculosis in HIV infected patients,[7, 47] and is well correlated to cancer prevention.
AntiTum↑,
*Bacteria↓,
*radioP↑, Se has shown to protect against heavy metals and radiation toxicity
*BioAv↑, food processing can also influence Se bioavailability, since increased temperatures improve protein digestibility, and enhance Se release and bioavailability
*Inflam↓, Se has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions
*Imm↑,
ChemoSen↑, Se has also been studied for cancer treatment as a radiotherapy and chemotherapeutic adjuvant since malignant cells are more susceptible to Se pro-oxidant effects than healthy cells.
*AntiAg↑, potential role of Se and selenoproteins in protecting the cardiovascular system against oxidative damage and excessive platelet aggregation
selectivity↑, SeNPs have shown potential to target specific cancer cells, by passive targeting based on the fact that the tumor environment is more acidic than the environment existing in healthy tissues
eff↑, chitosan(h)–SeNPs presented higher cellular uptake by cancer cells lines than normal cell lines, probably due to the higher amount of -NH3+ groups, which permits an enhanced electrostatic attraction between the positively charged chitosan(h)–SeNPs
other↝, In general, the charge of SeNPs is negative,[37, 138, 121] however surface modification with positive charged compounds such as chitosan can also flip the charge of SeNPs to positive
*eff↑, SeNPs have also shown to have a synergistic effect when combined with metformin
*Aβ↓, SeNPs have been shown to reduce Aβ aggregation and induce their disaggregation, in addition to acting as an antioxidant in the brain, either directly or by being part of GPx
*eff↑, SeNPs have also been studied together with other compounds that also shown properties against Alzheimer's disease, such as resveratrol (Res),[188] curcumin (Cur),[184] chiral D-penicillamine (DPen),[167] and chlorogenic acid (CGA)


* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 7

Results for Effect on Cancer/Diseased Cells:
AntiCan↑,1,   AntiTum↑,1,   ChemoSen↑,1,   eff↑,1,   other↝,1,   RadioS↑,1,   Risk↓,1,   ROS↑,1,   selectivity↑,2,  
Total Targets: 9

Results for Effect on Normal Cells:
AntiAg↑,1,   antiOx↑,4,   Apoptosis↓,1,   Aβ↓,1,   Bacteria↓,1,   BioAv↑,1,   BUN↓,1,   DNAdam↓,5,   Dose↝,6,   eff↑,3,   GPx↑,2,   GPx1↑,2,   GPx4↑,1,   GSH↑,1,   Imm↑,1,   Inflam↓,4,   lipid-P↓,2,   other↝,1,   QoL↑,1,   radioP↑,7,   RadioS↑,1,   ROCK1↓,1,   ROS↓,3,   selenoP↑,4,   SOD↑,1,   toxicity↓,1,   toxicity↝,1,   toxicity∅,1,  
Total Targets: 28

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: radioP, RadioProtective
7 Selenium
6 Radiotherapy/Radiation
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:149  Target#:1185  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=on  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

Home Page