Database Query Results : Vitamin D3, , Risk

VitD3, Vitamin D3: Click to Expand ⟱
Features: Promote calcium and phosphorus absorption
Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)
- Major VITAL study stated Vit D did not reduce invasive cancer, but Secondary Analysis stated reduces the incidence of metastatic cancer at diagnosis.
- Amount needed may depend on your BMI.
- Vitamin D deficiency, as determined by serum 25(OH)D concentrations of less than 30 ng/mL,
- Target achieving 80 ng/mL
- Vitamin D may modulate oxidative stress markers. (ROS)
- Nrf2 plays a key role in protecting cells against oxidative stress; this is modulated by vitamin D
- Vitamin D has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory regulatory effects; whether supplementation alters response to specific chemotherapy regimens remains context-dependent and not firmly established. - excess Vit D can raise calcium and cause harm
Vitamin D deficiency is generally defined as serum 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L), though some guidelines consider ≥30 ng/mL sufficient.
- One recommendation is to get your level up to around 125 ng/ml (however not supported by consensus clinical trial evidence).
- Chemo depletes Vitamin D levels so 10,000 IUs daily? – ask your doctor first. Typical maintenance dosing for most adults is 800–2000 IU/day; higher doses may be used short-term under medical supervision when correcting deficiency.

After correction of vitamin D deficiency through loading doses of oral vitamin D (or safe sun exposure), adequate maintenance doses of vitamin D3 are needed. This can be achieved in approximately 90% of the adult population with vitamin D supplementation between 1000 to 4000 IU/day, 10,000 IU twice a week, or 50,000 IU twice a month [10,125]. On a population basis, such doses would allow approximately 97% of people to maintain their serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 30 ng/mL [19,126]. Others, such as persons with obesity, those with gastrointestinal disorders, and during pregnancy and lactation, are likely to require doses of 6,000 IU/day.

Vitamin D, particularly its active form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol), exerts multiple biological effects that may influence cancer development and progression.
Calcitriol has been reported to induce cell cycle arrest (often at the G0/G1 phase) and promote pro-apoptotic mechanisms in various cancer cell types.

Inhibition of Angiogenesis:
Some studies indicate that vitamin D can reduce the expression of pro-angiogenic factors, thereby potentially limiting the blood supply to tumors, which is necessary for tumor growth and metastasis.

Effects on the Wnt/β-catenin Pathway:
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, often dysregulated in several cancers (for example, colorectal cancer), may be modulated by vitamin D.
Calcitriol has been shown in some models to inhibit β-catenin signaling, which is associated with decreased cell proliferation and tumor progression.
Vitamin D may interact with other signaling pathways, including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which is involved in cell survival and proliferation.

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer / Tumor Context Normal Tissue Context TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 VDR nuclear signaling (calcitriol → VDR/RXR → gene regulation) Differentiation ↑; proliferative drive ↓ (reported) Homeostatic gene regulation across many tissues R, G Transcriptional reprogramming Core biology is hormone-like gene regulation; many downstream “anti-cancer” effects are VDR-mediated and context-dependent.
2 Cell-cycle braking (p21/p27; Cyclin/CDK tone) Cell-cycle arrest ↑ (reported) ↔ / growth control support G Cytostasis Often described as downstream of VDR transcriptional programs; strength varies widely by tumor type and VDR expression.
3 Apoptosis / differentiation programs Apoptosis ↑ and/or differentiation ↑ (reported) G Phenotype shift Observed in many preclinical models; not a universal direct cytotoxin signature.
4 Immune modulation (innate/adaptive tone) Anti-inflammatory immune tone ↑ (context); microenvironment effects (reported) Immune regulation support R, G Immunomodulation Vitamin D signaling is active in both innate and adaptive immunity; effects depend on baseline status and context.
5 NF-κB / inflammatory transcription (downstream) Inflammatory programs ↓ (reported) Inflammation tone ↓ (context) R, G Anti-inflammatory signaling Commonly reported as a downstream correlate of VDR signaling and immune shifts; avoid presenting as a primary “direct inhibitor.”
6 Wnt/β-catenin & EMT/invasion programs (reported) EMT / invasion pressure ↓ (reported; model-dependent) G Anti-invasive phenotype Frequently discussed in colorectal and other models; keep “reported/model-dependent.”
7 Angiogenesis signaling (VEGF outputs; reported) Angiogenic outputs ↓ (reported) G Anti-angiogenic support Usually a later phenotype-level outcome tied to inflammatory and differentiation programs.
8 Systemic endocrine axis: calcium/phosphate homeostasis Hypercalcemia risk if excessive (therapy-limiting for analogs) Bone/mineral homeostasis (core physiologic role) R, G Endocrine regulation Key reason active vitamin D analogs in oncology are constrained: dose-limiting hypercalcemia.
9 Clinical oncology evidence (population-level) Incidence: generally no clear reduction; Mortality: some meta-analyses show modest reduction Translation constraint RCT meta-analyses often find reduced cancer mortality without clear reduction in total cancer incidence; results vary by trial design, baseline status, and dosing pattern.
10 Safety / monitoring constraints (hypercalcemia; interactions) Excess vitamin D can cause high calcium; risk increases with high-dose supplements and certain conditions/meds Clinical risk management Upper limits and avoiding unnecessary high-dose regimens matter; routine testing is not recommended for most healthy people without indications.

Time-Scale Flag (TSF): P / R / G

  • P: 0–30 min (rapid signaling is limited; most effects are not truly “instant”)
  • R: 30 min–3 hr (early transcription/signaling shifts begin)
  • G: >3 hr (gene-regulatory adaptation and phenotype outcomes)


Clinical trial data suggest vitamin D supplementation effects may be attenuated in individuals with obesity, potentially due to pharmacokinetic and inflammatory differences.
Domain Normal BMI (<25) Overweight (25–29.9) Obesity (≥30) Interpretation / Notes
Baseline 25(OH)D Levels Higher on average Moderately lower Significantly lower (volume dilution + sequestration) Vitamin D is fat-soluble; adipose tissue can sequester vitamin D, lowering circulating 25(OH)D.
Response to Supplementation Greater increase per IU Blunted increase Markedly blunted increase Obese individuals often require higher doses to achieve the same serum 25(OH)D level.
VDR Expression / Signaling Baseline signaling intact Possible mild attenuation Evidence of altered vitamin D signaling (context-dependent) Obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic dysregulation may influence VDR activity.
Systemic Inflammation Lower baseline inflammatory tone Elevated Chronically elevated Obesity increases IL-6, TNF-α, CRP; this may blunt anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D.
Cancer Incidence (VITAL Trial) No overall reduction in invasive cancer No significant reduction No significant reduction Primary endpoint showed no reduction across BMI groups.
Advanced / Metastatic Cancer Signal (Secondary Analyses) Stronger reduction signal in normal BMI Weaker effect No clear benefit observed Secondary analyses suggested benefit mainly in non-obese participants; interpretation remains debated.
Mortality Signal (Meta-analyses) Modest reduction reported Less consistent Attenuated or absent Some pooled analyses show reduced cancer mortality, with stronger signals in non-obese individuals.
Dose Considerations 800–2000 IU/day often sufficient May require higher maintenance dose Higher supervised dosing sometimes required Guidelines emphasize individualized dosing based on measured 25(OH)D and clinical context.
Hypercalcemia Risk Low at standard doses Low–moderate (dose dependent) Still present at high doses Risk relates to absolute dose and duration, not BMI alone.


Risk, Risk: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Risk: by definition reduces risk of disease or cancer.
Down Target direction of risk indicates lower cancer risk.
ChemoPreventive also mean lower cancer risk. But for Chemopreventive an up arrow indicates more preventive.
Cancer Risk Impact Score (CRIS)
CRIS scale:
–5 = very strong risk reduction
–4 = strong risk reduction
–3 = moderate risk reduction
–2 = modest risk reduction
–1 = weak / context-dependent
0 = neutral

CRIS Exposure / Compound Evidence Cancers Notes
-5 Exercise (overall) VStrong Hum BC, CRC, Endo, PCa, Liv
-5 Aerobic + resistance VStrong Hum Broad inc + mort
-4 Aerobic exercise (mod–vig) VStrong Hum BC, CRC, Endo
-4 Resistance training (alone) Strong Hum BC, CRC
-3 High-intensity interval training Mod–Strong Hum BC, CRC
-2 NEAT / low-intensity activity Moderate Hum CRC
-5 Cruciferous vegetable pattern Strong Hum Lung, CRC, BC, PCa
-5 Sunlight exposure (physiologic) Strong Hum CRC, BC, PCa
-4 Fasting (metabolic pattern) Strong Mech + Hum BC, CRC, PCa
-4 Curcumin Hum + Pre GI, BC, PCa
-4 Sulforaphane Hum + Pre Lung, CRC, BC
-4 PEITC Hum + Pre Lung, CRC, PCa
-4 EGCG (tea matrix) Strong Hum GI, PCa, BC
-4 Lycopene Strong Hum PCa
-4 Apigenin Pre + Diet Hum BC, PCa, CRC
-4 Luteolin Pre + Diet Hum Lung, CRC, BC
-4 Kaempferol Diet Hum Ov, Panc, Lung
-4 Fisetin Pre + Early Hum CRC, PCa, Mel
-4 Ellagic acid → Urolithin A Hum (microbiome) CRC, PCa, BC
-3 Omega-3 (EPA/DHA) Strong Hum CRC, BC
-3 Vitamin D3 (supp) Obs + RCT CRC, BC
-3 Garlic (allicin) Mod Hum GI
-3 Mushroom beta-glucans Hum adjunct GI, BC
-3 Melatonin Hum + Mech BC, PCa
-3 Coffee (whole) Strong Hum Liv, Endo
-2 Quercetin Limited Hum Lung, CRC
-2 Resveratrol Limited Hum CRC, BC
-2 I3C / DIM Mod Hum BC, Cerv
-2 Thymoquinone Early Hum BC, CRC
-2 Beta-carotene (food) Hum Lung
-1 Vitamin K2 (MK-4/7) Limited Hum Liv, PCa
-1 Boron Obs PCa, Lung
0 Vitamin C (oral) Strong Hum
0 Genistein (soy) Strong Hum BC, PCa
0 Selenium (diet) Mixed Hum PCa
0 Capsaicin Mixed Gastric
+2 Vitamin E (alpha only) Strong RCT PCa
+2 Green tea extract (high-dose) Case reports Liv
+4 Beta-carotene (supplement) Strong RCT Lung (smokers)
+5 Alcohol (ethanol) Strong Hum BC, Liv, Eso
Evidence Hum human data VStrong very strong Strong strong Mod moderate Obs observational Pre preclinical RCT randomized controlled trial Mech mechanistic Adjunct adjunct clinical use


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
4055- VitB6,  VitD3,    Vitamin B6 and vitamin D deficiency co-occurrence in geriatric memory patients
- Study, AD, NA
*Risk↓, Vitamin B6 deficiency was the most common (37.5%), followed by vitamin D deficiency (36.8%).
*cognitive↑, The coexistence of these vitamin deficiencies has a significant association with cognitive performance, indicating the clinical importance of monitoring and supplementation.

4077- VitB6,  FA,  VitB12,  VitD3,  VitE  Vitamin Supplementation as an Adjuvant Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease
- Review, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, Vitamins are potent antioxidants and therefore can be used as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of AD.
*cognitive↑, Among B vitamins, pyridoxine (B6), folic acid (B9), and cobalamin (B12) have shown to have potential in managing symptoms of AD.
*homoC↓, vitamin B6, B9 and B12 have shown to decrease the level of homocysteine, thereby helping in the control of this modifiable risk-factor for AD
*Risk↓, Low levels of vitamin B6 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD.
*Risk↓, Low level of serum folate is another predictor for AD
*Risk↓, The plasma levels of vitamin B12 were also found to be deficient in cases of AD
*other↝, Elevated plasma level of homocysteine is an important risk factor for gray matter atrophy
*Dose↝, 0.8mg B9, 20mg B6 and 0.5mg B12, over a period of 2 years has been demonstrated to decrease homocysteine induced gray matter atrophy
*Risk↓, The analysis of current literature on the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and AD revealed a direct relation between decreased serum level of vitamin D and AD
*Risk↓, decreased levels of plasma vitamin E is associated with increased risk of neurodegenerative disorders like AD and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)

4618- VitD3,    Vitamin D sensitizes cervical cancer to radiation-induced apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy through degradation of Ambra1
- in-vivo, Cerv, NA
Risk↓, Vitamin D level has been reported to be associated with cancer risk, and it plays distinct roles in various tumors
RadioS↑, Vitamin D enhanced the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer
Apoptosis↑, The above results were consistent with the proteome data and indicated that vitamin D could increase the apoptosis of CC cells in response to radiation.
EMT↝, Our previous studies discovered that vitamin D could intensify the radiation efficacy by regulating EMT in colorectal cancer

4350- VitD3,    Vitamin D: Evidence-Based Health Benefits and Recommendations for Population Guidelines
- Review, Var, NA - Review, AD, NA
Risk↓, evidence that vitamin D can reduce the risk of cancer incidence and mortality rates is robust.
angioG↓, Vitamin D reduces angiogenesis around tumors, which is required to deliver nutrients to the tumors
TumMeta↓, and it reduces metastasis into the surrounding stromal tissue, which is generally required for mortality.
AntiCan↑, 9 of the 54 patients in the p53-immunoreactive group treated with vitamin D had a relapse or death during 5 years of follow-up, compared to 14 of 26 in the placebo group
*cognitive↑, Adequate 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with improved cognitive function [105,106] and mood stability [107], particularly in vulnerable populations.
*Mood↑, Vitamin D supplementation has shown promise in enhancing mood and reducing depressive symptoms, with studies indicating improved clinical outcomes in patients receiving vitamin D alongside antidepressants

4320- VitD3,    Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of vitamin deficiency in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology
- Review, AD, NA
*Calcium↝, Vitamin D regulates calcium and phosphorus levels, essential for healthy bone mineralization
*cognitive↑, regulating cognitive genes and removes Aβ plaques
*Aβ↓,
*Inflam↓, Its anti-inflammatory properties lower neuroinflammation, while VDR gene variation may affect an individual's risk of cognitive decline and AD
*Risk↓,
*other↝, vitamin D interacts with genes like APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and APOE, which are responsible for the pathology of AD

1739- VitD3,    Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplements on Development of Advanced Cancer
- Trial, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, vitamin D3 may reduce the risk of developing advanced cancer among adults without a diagnosis of cancer at baseline; this protective effect is apparent for those who have normal but not elevated body mass index.
Dose↝, Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol, 2000 IU/d) and marine omega-3 fatty acids (1 g/d) supplements.
Risk↓, people who took vitamin D supplements with those who took a placebo for at least 3 years; people who took vitamin D supplements had a 13% lower risk of dying from cancer than those who took a placebo
TumCP↓, , inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, and anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, proapoptotic, and antiangiogenic effects.
Inflam↓,
eff∅, There was no association of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation with advanced cancer, nor was there an interaction by omega-3 treatment arm

1740- VitD3,    Vitamin D and Cancer: An Historical Overview of the Epidemiology and Mechanisms
- Review, Var, NA
Risk↓, An analysis of 25(OH)D-cancer incidence rates suggests that achieving 80 ng/mL vs. 10 ng/mL would reduce cancer incidence rates by 70 ± 10%.
eff↑, In 1936, Peller reported that people who developed skin cancer from light exposure, such as from their occupation, had lower rates of internal cancers
eff↑, low rates(internal cancer) in three southwest states and high rates in approximately 15 northeast states
Risk↓, Inverse correlations were found for 11 cancers with respect to solar UVB doses for white Americans and several types of cancer for black Americans
Risk↓, It reported an 82% lower risk of breast cancer for 25(OH)D concentration >60 ng/mL versus <20 ng/mL
ChemoSen↑, Sensitization to Apoptosis, Combined Action with Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
RadioS↑,
Cyt‑c↑, it favors the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria and the activation of caspases 3 and 9 that lead to apoptosis promoted by a variety of signals
Casp3↑,
Casp9↑,
hTERT/TERT↓, by downregulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) via the induction of miR-498
eff↑, In addition, 1,25-(OH)2D3 and metformin have additive/synergistic antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in colon carcinoma and other types of cells, which are modulated but not hampered by TP53 status
E-cadherin↑, 1,25-(OH)2D3 upregulates an array of intercellular adhesion molecules that are constituents of adherens junctions and tight junctions, including E-cadherin, occludin, claudin-2 and -12, and ZO-1 and -2
CLDN2↑,
ZO-1↑,
Snail↓, 1,25-(OH)2D3 inhibits SNAIL1 and ZEB1 expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells
Zeb1↓,
Vim↓, vimentin downregulation
VEGF↓, 1,25-(OH)2D3 alone and more strongly in combination with cisplatin suppresses VEGF activity in ovarian cancer cells
NK cell↑, 1,25-(OH)2D3 is an enhancer of innate immune reactions against infections and tumor cells by activating the responsive cells (macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and neutrophils)
Risk↓, vitamin D deficiency promotes gut permeability, colon mucosa bacterial infiltration, and translocation of intestinal pathogens. These effects lead to changes in immune cell populations and gut inflammation, and cancer—an overall condition that is im
eff↑, Combination with immunotherapy


* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 7

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Cell Death

Apoptosis↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 1,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State

EMT↝, 1,  

Migration

CLDN2↑, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 1,   Snail↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 1,   TumMeta↓, 1,   Vim↓, 1,   Zeb1↓, 1,   ZO-1↑, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature

angioG↓, 1,   VEGF↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling

Inflam↓, 1,   NK cell↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance

ChemoSen↑, 1,   Dose↝, 1,   eff↑, 4,   eff∅, 1,   RadioS↑, 2,  

Clinical Biomarkers

hTERT/TERT↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes

AntiCan↑, 2,   Risk↓, 7,  
Total Targets: 26

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress

antiOx↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis

homoC↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics

other↝, 2,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling

Inflam↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation

Aβ↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance

Dose↝, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers

Calcium↝, 1,  

Functional Outcomes

cognitive↑, 4,   Mood↑, 1,   Risk↓, 7,  
Total Targets: 10

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: Risk, Risk
7 Vitamin D3
2 Vitamin B6,pyridoxine
1 Folic Acid, Vit B9
1 Vitamin B12
1 Vitamin E
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:167  Target#:785  State#:%  Dir#:%
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