Database Query Results : Exercise, ,

Ex, Exercise: Click to Expand ⟱
Features: Therapy
Regular physical activity has been shown to influence cancer risk, progression, and survivorship. While exercise is not a cure for cancer, extensive research indicates that it can help reduce the risk of developing certain types of cancer and improve outcomes and quality of life for those diagnosed.

-Lowering the levels of hormones levels.
-Preventing high blood levels of insulin.
-Regular physical activity leads to decreased levels of inflammatory markers (such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6).
-Improving immune system function (enhancing the circulation of immune cells, including natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, and macrophages)
-Reducing the time it takes for food to travel through the digestive system.
-Helping to prevent obesity, which is a risk factor for many cancers.
-Exercise promotes the upregulation of antioxidant defenses.
Exercise simultaneously modulates multiple core cancer drivers:
  ↓ Insulin / IGF-1 signaling
  ↓ Chronic inflammation (IL-6, TNF-α baseline)
  ↑ Immune surveillance (NK cells, CD8⁺ T cells)
  ↑ Mitochondrial function and mitophagy
  ↓ Estrogen and androgen bioavailability
  ↑ Circadian stability
  ↓ Visceral adiposity (key endocrine organ)
No supplement or single molecule does this breadth of work.

Exercise, fasting, and diet work by changing the environment tumors depend on — not by poisoning the tumor.


Age-stratified interpretation 
1. Younger / metabolically healthy adults
-Baseline IGF-1: normal–high
-Exercise effect:
  -Systemic IGF-1 ↔ or slight ↓
  -IGF-1 signaling efficiency ↑ (better receptor sensitivity)
-Net effect:
  -Less chronic growth drive
  -Better metabolic control
➡ This is where IGF-1 ↓ papers usually come from.

2. Older adults (≈50–60+ years)
-Baseline IGF-1: low
-Exercise effect:
  -IGF-1 ↑ (restoration toward youthful range)
  -Improved GH → IGF-1 axis responsiveness
-Net effect:
  -Muscle, bone, immune maintenance
  -Reduced frailty and inflammation
➡ This is where IGF-1 ↑ papers come from.

3. Cancer relevance (critical distinction)
-Even when circulating IGF-1 increases in older exercisers:
-Tumor IGF-1 signaling still goes DOWN, because:
  -Insulin sensitivity improves
  -IGFBP balance shifts
  -Inflammation drops
  -mTOR tone is suppressed
  -AMPK tone is elevated
So:
-Host IGF-1 ↑ ≠ tumor IGF-1 signaling ↑
Exercise — Cancer vs Normal Cell Effects
Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells Label Primary Interpretation Notes
1 Insulin / IGF-1 signaling ↓ IGF-1 signaling (tumor context) ↑ or ↓ IGF-1 (age- and baseline-dependent normalization) Driver Growth-signal reprogramming Exercise normalizes IGF-1 toward age-appropriate levels while reducing tumor-promoting signaling
2 AMPK → mTOR nutrient sensing ↑ AMPK; ↓ mTOR (growth restraint) ↑ AMPK; ↓ mTOR (metabolic optimization) Driver Energy-sensing reprogramming Repeated AMPK activation enforces catabolic signaling incompatible with tumor anabolism
3 Immune surveillance (NK cells, T cells) ↑ immune-mediated tumor pressure ↑ immune competence Driver Enhanced antitumor immunity Exercise mobilizes NK cells and improves immune trafficking into tumors
4 Mitochondrial metabolism / metabolic flexibility ↓ metabolic advantage ↑ mitochondrial capacity and flexibility Secondary Energy efficiency divergence Normal cells adapt metabolically; cancer cells lose relative advantage
5 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ↑ ROS (secondary, transient) ↑ transient ROS → adaptive signaling Secondary Hormetic redox signaling Exercise induces transient ROS that act as signals rather than toxins
6 Glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant capacity ↔ or insufficient upregulation ↑ GSH and antioxidant enzymes Adaptive Redox resilience in normal tissue Normal cells adaptively increase antioxidant defenses; tumors adapt poorly
7 NRF2 antioxidant response ↔ modest activation ↑ NRF2 (adaptive) Adaptive Stress adaptation NRF2 supports recovery and resilience rather than cytotoxicity
8 Inflammatory signaling (NF-κB / cytokines) ↓ pro-tumor inflammation ↓ chronic inflammation Secondary Anti-inflammatory milieu Exercise reduces chronic low-grade inflammation that supports tumor progression
9 Cell cycle / proliferation ↓ proliferation (indirect) ↔ normal turnover Phenotypic Growth restraint Proliferation effects arise from upstream hormonal and metabolic changes


Exercise — Alzheimer’s Disease & Cognitive Decline
Rank Pathway / Axis Direction Label Primary Interpretation Key Cognitive / AD Relevance Notes
1 BDNF / TrkB neurotrophic signaling ↑ BDNF Driver Synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival Improves learning, memory consolidation, and hippocampal resilience BDNF induction is the single most robust and reproducible neurocognitive effect of exercise
2 Neurogenesis (hippocampal dentate gyrus) ↑ neurogenesis Driver Structural cognitive reserve Supports memory formation and delays cognitive decline Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is exercise-responsive and BDNF-dependent
3 Cerebral blood flow / angiogenesis (VEGF) ↑ perfusion Driver Improved nutrient and oxygen delivery Enhances executive function and processing speed Vascular health strongly predicts AD progression
4 Mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α) ↑ mitochondrial capacity Driver Energy resilience in neurons Preserves synaptic function and neuronal firing reliability Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early AD feature
5 Neuroinflammation (microglia, cytokines) ↓ chronic inflammation Driver Microglial normalization Reduces neurotoxic inflammatory signaling linked to cognitive decline Exercise shifts microglia toward a neuroprotective phenotype
6 Insulin signaling / brain glucose utilization ↑ insulin sensitivity Secondary Improved neuronal fuel utilization Supports memory and executive function “Type 3 diabetes” concept in AD makes this pathway central
7 Amyloid-β production & clearance ↓ Aβ burden (modest) Secondary Reduced proteotoxic stress Slows pathological cascade rather than reversing plaques Exercise improves clearance more than production suppression
8 Tau phosphorylation / aggregation ↓ tau pathology (indirect) Secondary Axonal stability preservation Supports memory retention and neuronal transport Effect mediated via inflammation and insulin signaling
9 Oxidative stress / ROS ↓ chronic ROS Adaptive Redox stabilization Protects synapses and mitochondria Transient exercise ROS induces long-term antioxidant adaptation
10 Cognitive performance (memory, executive function) ↑ performance Phenotypic Functional outcome Improved memory, attention, processing speed Emergent result of upstream neurotrophic, vascular, and metabolic effects


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
3876- Carno,  Ex,    Swimming exercise versus L-carnosine supplementation for Alzheimer’s dementia in rats: implication of circulating and hippocampal FNDC5/irisin
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*cognitive↑, carnosine is equivalent to exercise in reversing cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s biomarkers.
*neuroP↑, enhancement of hippocampal FNDC5/irisin and insulin signalling may be involved in mediating these neuroprotective effects.

2154- dietP,  Ex,    American Cancer Society (ACS) Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines after colon cancer diagnosis and disease-free (DFS), recurrence-free (RFS), and overall survival (OS) in CALGB 89803 (Alliance)
- Trial, Colon, NA
OS↑, Colon cancer patients with a healthy body weight who engaged in physical activity, ate a diet high in whole grains, vegetables, and fruits and low in red/processed meats, and drank moderate alcohol had longer DFS and OS than patients who did not

4144- Ex,    Exploring the impact of exercise-induced BDNF on neuroplasticity in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions
- Review, AD, NA
*BDNF↑, Regular physical activity not only elevates BDNF levels but also fosters memory and learning, offering important implications for the prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions.
*memory↑,
*neuroP↑,
*cognitive↑, exercise interventions for improved cognitive outcomes.

4143- Ex,    Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Connecting Link Between Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Alzheimer’s Disease
- Review, AD, NA
*BDNF↑, a healthy lifestyle, exercise, and dietary modifications are shown to positively influence insulin regulation in the brain, reduce inflammation, and up-regulate the levels of BDNF, and are thus expected to have roles in AD
*eff↑, Donepezil and galantamine (Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) treated animal and human patients have shown to have higher levels of BDNF
*other↓, decline in BDNF levels is linked to increasing age, and it is more noticeable in females, the elderly, and those with higher body weights (Komulainen et al., 2008; Lee et al., 2009). The decline correlates with memory loss and hippocampal atrophy
*eff↑, A single aerobic exercise session done consistently was associated with a higher increase in BDNF levels compared to if done acutely

4145- Ex,    Effects of different physical activities on brain-derived neurotrophic factor: A systematic review and bayesian network meta-analysis
- Review, AD, NA
*BDNF↑, The Bayesian network meta-analysis ranked the effect of exercise on BDNF level improvement in healthy and non-healthy subjects as follows: RT > HIIT > CT > AT+RT > AT > CG.
*eff↑, resistance training (RT) at moderate intensity is recommended for children and older adults in the case of exercise tolerance and is effective in maintaining or modulating BDNF levels for promoting brain health.

4155- Ex,    Prior regular exercise reverses the decreased effects of sleep deprivation on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the hippocampus of ovariectomized female rats
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*BDNF↑, Furthermore, sleep deprived OVX rats under exercise conditions had a significant (p<0.05) up-regulation of the BDNF protein and mRNA in the hippocampus.

4174- Ex,    Exercise-Mediated Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus via BDNF
- Review, NA, NA
*neuroP↑, Exercise is known to have numerous neuroprotective and cognitive benefits, especially pertaining to memory and learning related processes.
*cognitive↑,
*memory↑,
*BDNF↑, relationship between exercise and hippocampal neurogenesis, and identifies a key molecule mediating this process, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
*neuroG↑, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), that has been shown to modulate neurogenesis and how exercise influences BDNF levels

5055- Ex,    Why exercise has a crucial role in cancer prevention, risk reduction and improved outcomes
- Review, Var, NA
OS↑, In 2008, a cohort study of breast cancer survivors identified that patients who consistently exercised for greater than 2.5 hours per week following diagnosis had a greater than 60% reduction in the risk of all deaths compared with patients who were
IGF-1↓, Table 1, IGF1 Decreased levels, IGFBP3 Increased levels
IGFBP3↑,
BRCA1↑, BRCA1 Increased expression
BRCA2↑, BRCA2 Increased expression
RAS↓, RAS family oncogenes Suppressed activity
P53↑, P53 Enhanced activity
HSPs↑, Heat shock proteins Enhanced activity
Leptin↓, Leptin Reduced activity
Irisin↓, Irisin Enhanced activity
Resistin↓, Resistin Reduced activity
NK cell↑, NK cells Enhanced activity
CRP↓, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, TNFα Reduced activity
IL6↓,
TNF-α↓,
PGE1↓, Prostaglandins Reduced activity
COX2↓, Cox-2 Reduced activity
*GSH↑, Glutathione, Catalase and Superoxide dismutase Increased activity
*Catalase↑,
*SOD↑,
*monoA↑, Monoamines Higher levels
*EndoR↑, Endorphins Increased release
*testos↑, testosterone increases immediately after vigorous exercise in some but not all studies. lasting for 20–60 minutes post-exercise
ROS↑, Physical activity, especially if strenuous, produces reactive oxidative species (ROS)
QoL↑, Adverse cancer-related symptoms, which have been shown to be alleviated by exercise, include fatigue, muscle weakness, thromboembolism, weight gain, loss of bone density, quality of life (QOL), psychological distress, incontinence and sexual dysfunct
BMD↑, the rate of decline in BMD was significantly less in the resistance exercise group, with a greater benefit seen in the aerobic exercise group
BowelM↑, Exercise reduces bowel transit time and ameliorates constipation and its associated abdominal cramps

5056- Ex,    Exercise interventions and serum IGF-1 levels in older adults with frailty and/or sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta analysis
- Review, Nor, NA
*IGF-1↑, Meta-analysis revealed that exercise interventions significantly increased serum IGF-1 levels in older adults with frailty and/or sarcopenia

5057- Ex,    Exercise and the growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor axis
- Review, Nor, NA
*IGF-1↑, Fitness correlates positively with the growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH–IGF-1) axis activity, and physical training may increase levels of GH and IGF-1 in healthy adults

5058- Ex,    The Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF-1) Signaling During Physical Exercise: A Systematic Review
- Review, Nor, NA
*IGF-1↑, Based on the results of this systemic investigation, exercise has been shown to increase IGF-1 levels, a hormone that promotes growth. Physical exercise as a therapeutic effort and a means of improving public health.

5059- Ex,    Physical exercise, IGF-1 and cognition A systematic review of experimental studies in the elderly
- Review, Nor, NA
*IGF-1↑, Three of the studies showed an exercise-induced increase in IGF-1; three found stable IGF-1 levels and one found a reduction in IGF-1; with and without improvement in cognition.

5060- Ex,    Exercise-induced modulation of IGF-1 in healthy, obese, and cancer populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Review, Var, NA
*IGF-1↑, Exercise significantly increased IGF-1 in healthy individuals (WMD=21.41, 95% CI 8.01–34.81) and in those with obesity
IGF-1↓, In contrast, exercise significantly reduced IGF-1 in cancer patients or survivors
IGFBP3↑, In studies reporting both IGF-1 and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), exercise increased IGFBP-3 in healthy and cancer populations, suggesting a modulatory role of IGFBP-3 in IGF-1 regulation, particularly in cancer.

5061- Ex,    Role of physical exercise in modulating the insulin-like growth factor system for improving breast cancer outcomes: A meta-analysis
- Review, BC, NA
IGF-2↓, Levels of serum insulin, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, and HOMA score significantly decreased following physical exercise.
IGFBP1↓,
HOMA↓,
glucose∅, Levels of serum insulin, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, and HOMA score significantly decreased following physical exercise.
IGF-1∅,
eff↑, Physical exercise had a positive effect on the IGF system in women with breast cancer.

5062- Ex,    The Influence of Exercise on the Insulin-like Growth Factor Axis in Oncology: Physiological Basis, Current, and Future Perspectives
- Review, Var, NA
IGF-1↑, 13 weeks of resistance training significantly reduced serum IGF1 by 13.1% (P ≤ 0.05) in prostate cancer patients

5063- Ex,    A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of supervised exercise training in reducing IGF-1 levels in breast cancer survivors of the Movis’ cohort
- Trial, BC, NA
IGF-1↓, The exercise intervention modulates the IGF-1 system lowering the circulating IGF-1 variability, the IGFBP3 level and the relationship between IGF-1 and IGFBP3 among BCS patients.
IGFBP3↓, while IGFBP3 level decreased

5064- Ex,    Effect Of Exercise Intervention On Insulin, Igfs And Igfbps In Cancer Patients
- Review, Var, NA
IGF-1↓, All but one study showed that exercise resulted in significant reduction or no change in circulating levels of IGF-1 and IGF-2.
IGF-2↓,
Insulin↓, Aerobic exercise training lowers the levels of insulin and IGF in healthy people.

5230- Ex,    Effects of an acute maximal exercise bout on serum insulin-like growth factor-1 in adults with MDD
- Trial, Nor, NA
*IGF-1↑, Exercise-induced increases in IGF-1 were large (11.3 ± 12.9 ng/mL) and similar across participants regardless of depression severity, antidepressant usage/type, and chronic physical activity differences.
Dose↝, Acute exercise increases peripheral IGF-1 briefly, and in response to repeated exercise bouts, the IGF-1 system could normalize over time.

5231- Ex,    Regular Physical Exercise Increase Of Growth Hormone (GH) And Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Activity in Elderly Improve the Aging Process and Quality of Life: A Mini Review
- Human, Nor, NA
*GH↑, Exercise, sleep, food intake, stress, and body composition are all stimuli and inhibitors that affect the hypothalamic components that govern GH production
*IGF-1↑, eight weeks of supervised aerobic exercise instruction resulted in a considerable rise in insulin-like growth factor

5232- Ex,    Resistance training effect on serum insulin-like growth factor 1 in the serum: a meta-analysis
- Review, Nor, NA
*IGF-1↑, resistance exercise significantly increases insulin-like growth factor 1 in subjects older than 60 years, both males and females, and subjects performing resistance exercise for all any period
*IGF-1↓, resistance exercise significantly decreases insulin-like growth factor 1 in subjects younger than 60 years.

5233- Ex,    The effect of resistance training on serum insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1): A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Review, Nor, NA
*IGF-1↑, resistance training was associated with an increased IGF-1 level among those who received the training for ≤16 weeks, among participants older than 60 years old, and among women

5234- Ex,    Intense Walking Exercise Affects Serum IGF-1 and IGFBP3
- Trial, Nor, NA
*IGF-1↓, 100 km walking race, some of their metabolic profiles were markedly changed. Serum levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP3 were significantly decreased,
*IGFBP3↓,

5235- Ex,    Effect of Low-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins in Healthy Men
- Trial, Nor, NA
Insulin↓, fasting insulin levels decreased by 13%.
IGF-1↓, low-intensity aerobic training decreased the circulating levels of IGF-I by 9%, while IGFBP-1 levels increased by 16%.
IGFBP1↑,
eff↑, An interesting finding was that higher pretraining level of IGF-I was associated with greater decline in IGF-I with training.

4142- Ex,    Mechanisms of the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in Alzheimer’s Disease
- Review, AD, NA
*BDNF↑, Physical exercise, on the other hand, protects synaptic and neuronal structure and function, with increased BDNF as a major mediator of exercise-induced enhancements in cognitive function.
*cognitive↑, fundamental mechanisms of how exercise impacts BDNF and cognition are not yet fully understood but are a prerequisite to developing new biomarkers and therapies to delay or prevent cognitive decline.

2143- Ex,    The association between physical activity and bladder cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis
- Review, Bladder, NA
Risk↓, Physical activity is associated with decreased risk of bladder cancer.
Dose↝, Comparing the highest with the lowest physical activity level, the combined bladder cancer risk estimate was 0.85

2144- Ex,    Physical activity, hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer risk: A meta-analysis of prospective studies
- Analysis, NA, NA
Risk↓, Increasing physical activity is associated with meaningful reductions in the risk of breast cancer,
Dose?, Compared to the lowest level of physical activity, the highest level was associated with a summary relative risk (SRR) of 0.88 for all breast cancer, 0.89 for ER+/PR+ breast cancer and 0.8 for ER-/PR- breast cancer.
eff↑, Findings indicate that a physically inactive women engaging in at least 150 min per week of vigorous physical activity would reduce their lifetime risk of breast cancer by 9%

2145- Ex,    Leisure time physical activity and cancer risk: evaluation of the WHO's recommendation based on 126 high-quality epidemiological studies
- Analysis, Var, NA
Risk↓, Overall, the total cancer risk was reduced by 10% in people who undertook the most LTPA as compared with those who did the least
Dose↝, Moreover, the protective role of LTPA against cancer becomes saturated at 20 metabolic equivalents of energy hours per week, with a relative risk of 0.91
eff↑, Our meta-analysis indicates that the current WHO recommendation of physical activity can result in a 7% reduction in cancer risk, which is mainly attributed to its protective role against breast cancer and colorectal cancer.

2146- Ex,    A systematic review and meta-analysis of physical activity and endometrial cancer risk
- Review, Endo, NA
Risk↓, High versus low physical activity was related to reduced endometrial cancer risk [relative risk (RR) = 0.80
eff↑, recreational physical activity, occupational physical activity, and walking/biking for transportation are related to decreased endometrial cancer risk. Inverse associations are evident for physical activity of light, moderate to vigorous

2147- Ex,    The association between physical activity and gastroesophageal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis
- Review, GC, NA
Risk↓, When we compared high versus low physical activity levels and summarized associations according to anatomic site and tumor histology, risk reductions were evident for esophageal adenocarcinoma [relative risk (RR) = 0.79

2148- Ex,    Effects of Exercise on Cancer Treatment Efficacy: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies
- Review, Var, NA
ChemoSen↑, Exercise significantly enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapy and tamoxifen in seven of eight rodent models in either an additive, sensitizing, or synergistic manner.

2149- Ex,    Physical activity and exercise training in cancer patients
- Analysis, Var, NA
eff↑, Most guidelines for cancer survivors suggest that physical activity and exercise should be an integral and continuous part of care for all cancer survivors
Dose↑, Strong evidence supports the promotion of physical activity and exercise for adult cancer patients before, during, and after cancer treatment, across all cancer types, and including patients with advanced disease

2150- Ex,    Roles and molecular mechanisms of physical exercise in cancer prevention and treatment
- Review, Var, NA
eff↓, Physical exercise should be considered an important intervention to prevent and treat cancer and its complications.
Dose↝, Sensitivity to physical exercise varies in different cancers; we provide evidence for the exercise type and strength in various cancers and in differing stages.
TumCP↓, nhibiting cancer cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis and regulating metabolism and the immune environment are the main mechanisms of the benefits of physical exercise in cancer prevention and treatment.
Apoptosis↓,
ChemoSen↑, Graphic Abstract
chemoP↑, Graphic Abstract

2151- Ex,    The effects of physical activity on overall survival among advanced cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Review, Var, NA
eff↑, a higher level of physical activity in non-randomised trials was significantly associated with reduced mortality risk
eff↝, Nevertheless, it might be too late for advanced cancer patients to start exercising for survival improvements, based on findings from randomised controlled trials.

2153- Ex,    The Impact of Exercise on Cancer Mortality, Recurrence, and Treatment-Related Adverse Effects
- Review, Var, NA
eff↑, The findings of this review support the view that exercise is an important adjunct therapy in the management of cancer
BMD↑, Finally, thrice weekly resistance training during 6 months of radiotherapy for metastases to the spine resulted in significantly improved spine bone density compared with passive physical therapy
cognitive↑, Two of the 5 observed significant improve- ments in cognitive function
OS↑, 28-44% reduced risk of cancer-specific mortality
Remission↑, 21%-35% lower risk of cancer recurrence
eff↑, exercise may elicit positive changes in inflammation, immunity, and oxidative stress, as well as in metabolic and sex hormones, all of which are factors believed to contribute to cancer progression

3985- Ex,    The combined effect of physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake on decreasing cognitive decline in older Taiwanese adults
- Study, AD, NA
*cognitive↑, The risk of cognitive decline decreased by 63% when high physical activity and high fruit and vegetable intake were combined

4137- Ex,    The impact of exercise on patients with dementia
- Trial, AD, NA
*Strength↑, All the patients of the exercise group had significantly better left upper body strength, higher aerobic endurance, and left and right balance maintenance time than those of the no-exercise group
*QoL↑, Moreover, the exercise group had significantly lesser unexpected hospitalization than the no-exercise group in the patients with mild dementia
*cognitive∅, However, in the mild and moderate dementia subgroups, age, sex, education years, and MMSE showed no significant differences between the groups

4138- Ex,    Relationship Between Exercise and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Literature Review
- Review, AD, NA
*other↑, Patients with AD who presented with long-term exercise interventions appeared to have improved blood flow, increased hippocampal volume, and improved neurogenesis.
*Risk↓, studies have proven that physical inactivity is one of the most common preventable risk factors for developing AD
*cognitive↑, Physical exercise seems to be effective in improving several neuropsychiatric symptoms of AD, notably cognitive function.

4139- Ex,    Impact of physical exercise on the regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in people with neurodegenerative diseases
- Review, AD, NA
*BDNF↑, recent studies are analyzed that indicate an increase in BDNF levels following physical activity, particularly in young adults.
*eff↑, with the most significant effects seen in aerobic and high-intensity exercises.
*eff↑, Both acute and prolonged exercise increase BDNF, but the effect is more sustained with regular, long-term regimens.
*cognitive↑, Prolonged aerobic exercise increases BDNF and improves vascular and cognitive functions, with positive effects observed in older adults.
*memory↑, In animal models, forced and voluntary exercise increased hippocampal BDNF, improving spatial memory and synaptic function.
*BrainVol↑,
*TrkB↑, The interaction of BDNF with its receptor TrkB is involved in the processes that lead to enhancements in learning and memory associated with exercise
*GABA↑, BDNF increases the expression of markers associated with GABAergic neurotransmission, such as GABA, GAD65, and GAD67

4140- Ex,    Experimental and clinical evidence of physical exercise on BDNF and cognitive function: A comprehensive review from molecular basis to therapy
- Review, AD, NA
*BDNF↑, physical exercise (PE) can influence brain function, especially cognition, through the modulatory effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been extensively studied over the past few decades.
*cognitive↑, Furthermore, the beneficial effect of voluntary physical activity on cognitive performance through modulating neurotrophic factors has been reported.

4141- Ex,    Effects of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Alzheimer's disease models: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Review, AD, NA
*BDNF↑, There was a significant effect of exercise on increasing BDNF levels in AD models [standardized mean differences (SMD) = 0.98, P < 0.00001].
*other↑, In addition, exercise significantly increased BDNF levels in the hippocampus
*eff↑, treadmill exercise, swimming, and voluntary running, significantly increased BDNF levels in hippocampus and cortex of AD models, with swimming being the most effective intervention type.

4107- FLS,  Ex,    Combined effects of aerobic exercise and 40-Hz light flicker exposure on early cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease of 3×Tg mice
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*Aβ↓, Aβ and tau proteins levels were significantly reduced in the early stage of AD, resulting in protection against cognitive decline by reducing neuroinflammation and proinflammatory cytokines.
*cognitive↑,
*Inflam↓,
*eff↑, exercise with 40-Hz light flickering was significantly more effective than exercise or 40-Hz light flickering alone

3789- UA,  Ex,    Combined Ursolic Acid and Resistance/Endurance Training Improve Type 3 Diabetes Biomarkers-Related Memory Deficits in Hippocampus of Aged Male Wistar Rats
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*BDNF↑, supplement effect showed that BDNF/B‑actin significantly increased in ursolic acid condition

4183- VitD3,  Ex,    Combined Exercise and Vitamin D on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
- Review, NA, NA
*BDNF↑, Certain types of physical exercise have been shown to markedly (threefold) increase BDNF synthesis in the human brain, a phenomenon that is partly responsible for exercise-induced neurogenesis and improvements in cognitive function [42].
*Inflam↓, In addition to its effects on gene expression, vitamin D may also modulate BDNF levels through its anti-inflammatory properties
*other↝, , research has suggested that vitamin D may interact with other molecules implicated in BDNF regulation, such as serotonin and dopamine.

1753- WBV,  Ex,    Physical Exercise with or without Whole-Body Vibration in Breast Cancer Patients Suffering from Aromatase Inhibitor—Induced Musculoskeletal Symptoms: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Study
- Trial, BC, NA
Pain↓, The WBV group (mean age: 51.73 ± 10.73 years; body mass index (BMI): 25.56 ± 5.17 kg/m2) showed a statistically significant pain reduction
Strength↑, Concurrently, muscle strength, physical performance, and quality of life significantly improved in both groups, without significant differences between groups
QoL↑,
Dose∅, with a frequency of 30 Hz, peak-to-peak amplitude of 1.15 mm. in squatting position (110° knee flexion)


* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 44

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


NA, unassigned ⓘ

HOMA↓, 1,   Irisin↓, 1,   Leptin↓, 1,   Resistin↓, 1,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

ROS↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

Insulin↓, 2,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

glucose∅, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Apoptosis↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

BowelM↑, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

HSPs↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

BRCA1↑, 1,   BRCA2↑, 1,   P53↑, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

IGF-1↓, 5,   IGF-1↑, 1,   IGF-1∅, 1,   IGF-2↓, 2,   IGFBP1↓, 1,   IGFBP1↑, 1,   IGFBP3↓, 1,   IGFBP3↑, 2,   RAS↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

TumCP↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 1,   CRP↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   NK cell↑, 1,   PGE1↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

ChemoSen↑, 2,   Dose?, 1,   Dose↑, 1,   Dose↝, 4,   Dose∅, 1,   eff↓, 1,   eff↑, 9,   eff↝, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

BMD↑, 2,   BRCA1↑, 1,   CRP↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

chemoP↑, 1,   cognitive↑, 1,   OS↑, 3,   Pain↓, 1,   QoL↑, 2,   Remission↑, 1,   Risk↓, 5,   Strength↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 49

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


NA, unassigned ⓘ

EndoR↑, 1,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Catalase↑, 1,   GSH↑, 1,   SOD↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↓, 1,   other↑, 2,   other↝, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

GH↑, 1,   IGF-1↓, 2,   IGF-1↑, 9,   IGFBP3↓, 1,   neuroG↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

Inflam↓, 2,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

BDNF↑, 11,   BrainVol↑, 1,   GABA↑, 1,   monoA↑, 1,   TrkB↑, 1,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Aβ↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

testos↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

eff↑, 7,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

cognitive↑, 9,   cognitive∅, 1,   memory↑, 3,   neuroP↑, 3,   QoL↑, 1,   Risk↓, 1,   Strength↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 28

Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:171  Target#:%  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=on  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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