methotrexate / TGF-β Cancer Research Results

MTX, methotrexate: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Methotrexate is a chemotherapy medication that has been used to treat various types of cancer.
Methotrexate works by:
Inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR): Methotrexate binds to DHFR, an enzyme that is necessary for the production of tetrahydrofolate, a co-factor for DNA synthesis.
Interfering with DNA synthesis: By inhibiting DHFR, methotrexate prevents the production of tetrahydrofolate, which is necessary for DNA synthesis.
Inducing apoptosis: Methotrexate can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells.
TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta: Click to Expand ⟱
Source: HalifaxProj(inhibit) CGL-CS TCGA
Type:
Human malignancies frequently exhibit mutations in the TGF-β pathway, and overactivation of this system is linked to tumor growth by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting the innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses.
Anti-inflammatory cytokine.
In normal tissues, TGF-β plays an essential role in cell cycle regulation, immune function, and tissue remodeling.
- In early carcinogenesis, TGF-β typically acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis.

In advanced cancers, cells frequently become resistant to the growth-inhibitory effects of TGF-β.
- TGF-β then switches roles and promotes tumor progression by stimulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell invasion, metastasis, and immune evasion.

Non-canonical (Smad-independent) pathways, such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and Rho signaling, also contribute to TGF-β-mediated responses.

Elevated levels of TGF-β have been detected in many advanced-stage cancers, including breast, lung, colorectal, pancreatic, and prostate cancers.
 - The switch from a tumor-suppressive to a tumor-promoting role is often associated with increased TGF-β production and activation in the tumor microenvironment.

High TGF-β expression or signaling activity is frequently correlated with aggressive disease features, resistance to therapy, increased metastasis, and poorer overall survival in many cancer types.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
1122- LF,  MTX,    Lactoferrin Reverses Methotrexate Driven Epithelial Barrier Defect by Inhibiting TGF-β Mediated Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
- in-vivo, Colon, Caco-2
TGF-β↓, EMT↓,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 1 of 1

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 1

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

EMT↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

TGF-β↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 2

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Total Targets: 0

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:223  Target#:304  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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