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| Hibiscus sabdariffa (commonly known as Roselle) It is rich in bioactive components such as polyphenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids, organic acids, and other antioxidants. Hibiscus sabdariffa is rich in antioxidants and bioactive compounds that show potential anti-cancer effects by reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and modulating inflammatory pathways.
Hibiscus sabdariffa — commonly known as roselle, is an edible medicinal plant whose calyces and leaves contain anthocyanins, polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and organic acids. It is classified as a botanical food/nutraceutical and plant-extract modality rather than a defined anticancer drug. Standard abbreviations include HS and H. sabdariffa. The calyx is the predominant food and beverage source, whereas several anticancer studies have used leaf extracts, anthocyanin-rich fractions, or polyphenol-enriched preparations that are not compositionally equivalent to ordinary hibiscus tea. Important constituents include delphinidin-3-sambubioside, cyanidin-3-sambubioside, protocatechuic acid, and other polyphenols. -Calyx — the thick, fleshy red structure surrounding the base of the flower and later the seed capsule. This is the main material used for hibiscus tea, beverages, extracts, and most commercial supplements. It is especially rich in anthocyanins, organic acids, and polyphenols. Primary mechanisms (ranked):
Bioavailability / PK relevance: Hibiscus anthocyanins are orally absorbed but have low systemic bioavailability and are rapidly metabolized and eliminated. Human pharmacokinetic studies demonstrate circulating anthocyanin-derived compounds after oral Hibiscus extract, but exposure to intact parent anthocyanins is substantially lower than concentrations commonly used in mechanistic cell-culture studies. Extract composition, plant part, cultivar, processing, and extraction method materially affect exposure. In-vitro vs systemic exposure relevance: Many anticancer experiments use approximately hundreds of µg/mL to mg/mL of crude or polyphenol-enriched extract, or high-µM to millimolar concentrations of individual phenolic compounds. These concentrations generally exceed plausible circulating concentrations following ordinary dietary Hibiscus consumption. Direct translation of in-vitro anticancer potency to oral tea or supplement use is therefore poor. Local gastrointestinal exposure may be considerably higher than systemic exposure. Clinical evidence status: Cancer evidence is predominantly preclinical, consisting of cell-culture studies and limited animal models; there is no established human anticancer efficacy and no validated Hibiscus anticancer dosing regimen. Human RCT evidence is considerably stronger for blood-pressure reduction and some cardiometabolic effects than for cancer treatment. Hibiscus should therefore be categorized as preclinical for anticancer therapy, not as an established cancer adjunct. Oral Hibiscus preparations are generally well tolerated in short-term human studies, but clinically relevant hypotensive and glucose-lowering effects can occur, creating potential additive effects with antihypertensive or antidiabetic therapy. Hibiscus sabdariffa Cancer-Relevant Mechanisms
P: 0–30 min R: 30 min–3 hr G: >3 hr |
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| Glutathione (GSH) is a thiol antioxidant that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the formation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Decreased amounts of GSH and a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio in tissues are biomarkers of oxidative stress. Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant found in every cell of the body, composed of three amino acids: cysteine, glutamine, and glycine. It plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress, detoxifying harmful substances, and supporting the immune system. cancer cells can have elevated levels of glutathione, which may help them survive in the oxidative environment created by the immune response and chemotherapy. This can make cancer cells more resistant to treatment. While glutathione can be obtained from certain foods (like fruits, vegetables, and meats), its absorption from supplements is debated. Some people take N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or other precursors to boost glutathione levels, but the effects on cancer prevention or treatment are still being studied. Depleting glutathione (GSH) to raise reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a strategy that has been explored in cancer research and therapy. Many cancer cells have altered redox states and may rely on GSH to survive. Increasing ROS levels can induce stress in these cells, potentially leading to cell death. Certain drugs and compounds can deplete GSH levels. For example, agents like buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) inhibit the synthesis of GSH, leading to its depletion. Cancer cells tend to exhibit higher levels of intracellular GSH, possibly as an adaptive response to a higher metabolism and thus higher steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). "...intracellular glutathione (GSH) exhibits an astounding antioxidant activity in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS)..." "Cancer cells have a high level of GSH compared to normal cells." "...cancer cells are affluent with high antioxidant levels, especially with GSH, whose appearance at an elevated concentration of ∼10 mM (10 times less in normal cells) detoxifies the cancer cells." "Therefore, GSH depletion can be assumed to be the key strategy to amplify the oxidative stress in cancer cells, enhancing the destruction of cancer cells by fruitful cancer therapy." The loss of GSH is broadly known to be directly related to the apoptosis progression. |
| 7359- | HibSad, | Novel Insight into the Cellular and Molecular Signalling Pathways on Cancer Preventing Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa: A Review - PubMed |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 7358- | HibSad, | Chemopreventive properties and molecular mechanisms of the bioactive compounds in Hibiscus sabdariffa Linne |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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