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| Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging, non-invasive treatment modality that employs ultrasound energy in conjunction with sonosensitizers to induce cytotoxicity in target tissues. A key mechanism by which SDT exerts its therapeutic effects is through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Also known as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) SDT relies on the ultrasound-triggered activation of sonosensitizers (similar in concept to photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy). When activated by ultrasound, these compounds undergo energy transitions that lead to the production of ROS, such as singlet oxygen and free radicals. -Advantages of SDT include its non-invasive nature, deep tissue penetration of ultrasound, and the ability to target localized areas with high precision. -Challenges remain in precisely controlling ROS production and ensuring that the resulting oxidative stress is sufficient to induce cell death in tumor cells without overwhelming damage to surrounding normal tissues. Sonosensitizers: – Hematoporphyrin Derivative (HPD) and Photofrin – Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) – Chlorin e6 (Ce6) – Phthalocyanine compounds – Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles – Other metallic or semiconductor nanoparticles, sometimes functionalized or loaded with traditional sensitizer molecules (e.g., gold nanoparticles, copper-cysteamine), have been explored to enhance ROS production and improve tumor targeting. – Curcumin, derived from turmeric, has been shown in several studies to exhibit sonosensitizing properties. – Under ultrasound activation, quercetin may act as a sonosensitizer, increasing ROS generation and contributing to cancer cell apoptosis. US frequency range of 150 kHz–3 MHz, irradiation dose of 2–3 W cm−2, and the actuation duration range of 1–20 min are used for SDT research https://can-amhifu.com/ https://canadaclinicsupply.com/product/soundcare-plus-professional-dual-ultrasound-device-by-roscoe/ https://physiostore.ca/product-category/therapeutic-modalities/therapeutic-ultrasound/clinical-ultrasound-systems/ https://physiostore.ca/richmar-home-ultrasound-2000-2nd-edition/ -SDT is a pro-oxidant modality → strong antioxidants could theoretically reduce efficacy if present at high tissue levels (same logic as PDT), but this is highly protocol- and sensitizer-dependent. -Hypoxia can blunt ROS-based killing; strategies sometimes include oxygenation, microbubbles, or vascular modulation.
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Sonodynamic Therapy — Common Sonosensitizer Classes
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| Also known as CP32. Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) is a common key protein in the apoptosis and pyroptosis pathways, and when activated, the expression level of tumor suppressor gene Gasdermin E (GSDME) determines the mechanism of tumor cell death. As a key protein of apoptosis, caspase-3 can also cleave GSDME and induce pyroptosis. Loss of caspase activity is an important cause of tumor progression. Many anticancer strategies rely on the promotion of apoptosis in cancer cells as a means to shrink tumors. Crucial for apoptotic function are executioner caspases, most notably caspase-3, that proteolyze a variety of proteins, inducing cell death. Paradoxically, overexpression of procaspase-3 (PC-3), the low-activity zymogen precursor to caspase-3, has been reported in a variety of cancer types. Until recently, this counterintuitive overexpression of a pro-apoptotic protein in cancer has been puzzling. Recent studies suggest subapoptotic caspase-3 activity may promote oncogenic transformation, a possible explanation for the enigmatic overexpression of PC-3. Herein, the overexpression of PC-3 in cancer and its mechanistic basis is reviewed; collectively, the data suggest the potential for exploitation of PC-3 overexpression with PC-3 activators as a targeted anticancer strategy. Caspase 3 is the main effector caspase and has a key role in apoptosis. In many types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer, caspase-3 expression is reduced or absent. On the other hand, some studies have shown that high levels of caspase-3 expression can be associated with a better prognosis in certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer. This suggests that caspase-3 may play a role in the elimination of cancer cells, and that therapies aimed at activating caspase-3 may be effective in treating certain types of cancer. Procaspase-3 is a apoptotic marker protein. Prognostic significance: • High Cas3 expression: Associated with good prognosis and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy in breast, gastric, lung, and pancreatic cancers. • Low Cas3 expression: Linked to poor prognosis and increased risk of recurrence in colorectal, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian, and prostate cancers. |
| 4415- | AgNPs, | SDT, | CUR, | Examining the Impact of Sonodynamic Therapy With Ultrasound Wave in the Presence of Curcumin-Coated Silver Nanoparticles on the Apoptosis of MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 |
| 1403- | SDT, | BBR, | From 2D to 3D In Vitro World: Sonodynamically-Induced Prooxidant Proapoptotic Effects of C60-Berberine Nanocomplex on Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa | - | in-vitro, | Lung, | LLC1 |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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