HydroxyTyrosol / AntiBio Cancer Research Results

HT, HydroxyTyrosol: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:

Hydroxytyrosol (HT; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol) = phenolic compound from extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and olives; also formed from oleuropein metabolism. Small, water-soluble catechol with high antioxidant capacity.
Primary mechanisms (conceptual rank):
1) Direct ROS scavenging + lipid peroxidation inhibition (membrane protection).
2) NRF2 activation → endogenous antioxidant enzymes (HO-1, NQO1, GCLC).
3) Anti-inflammatory modulation (↓ NF-κB, ↓ COX-2, ↓ iNOS).
4) Mitochondrial protection / biogenesis support (model-dependent; PGC-1α linkage reported).
5) Anti-proliferative / pro-apoptotic signaling in cancer (dose- and model-dependent).
PK / bioavailability: well absorbed; rapid phase II metabolism (glucuronide/sulfate conjugates); short plasma half-life; free aglycone concentrations modest vs many in-vitro studies.
In-vitro vs systemic exposure: many cell studies use ≥10–100 µM; typical dietary/EVOO intake yields lower transient plasma levels (conjugated forms predominate).
Clinical evidence status: strongest data in cardiometabolic/vascular endpoints; oncology evidence largely preclinical; neuroprotection mechanistically plausible with limited RCT data.

Hydroxytyrosol is mostly only available from olive oil and leaves, but is available as a common supplement.
Hydroxytyrosol & oleuropein show the most consistent direct anti-CSC activity in multiple models (breast, colon, prostate).
Hydroxytyrosol is potent against CSC phenotypes.

Mechanisms:
-Blocks EMT, reducing transition into CSC-like states
-Inhibits Notch signaling
-Reduces CD44+ / CD24– CSC markers
-Inhibits hypoxia-driven stemness (HIF-1α suppression)

Hydroxytyrosol is especially active in:
-Breast CSCs
-Melanoma CSC-like cells
-Gastric CSC models

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) — a naturally occurring small phenolic alcohol and catechol-type polyphenol, chemically 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol; DOPET), found in olives, extra-virgin olive oil and olive-derived extracts and also generated from oleuropein metabolism. It is classified as a dietary polyphenol / nutraceutical bioactive rather than an approved anticancer drug. HT is strongly redox-active, but its biological behavior is context-dependent: antioxidant and cytoprotective effects predominate at nutritional exposures and in normal tissues, whereas substantially higher concentrations can produce pro-oxidant stress and cancer-cell death. Oral HT is available in olive-derived supplements and as purified hydroxytyrosol.

Primary mechanisms (ranked):

  1. Induction of cancer-cell apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest through modulation of BAX/BCL-2, caspases, p21/p27 and cyclin/CDK signaling.
  2. Suppression of oncogenic PI3K/AKT, STAT3 and NF-κB signaling in multiple cancer models.
  3. Suppression of tumor stemness, EMT and metastatic signaling through Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, EMT transcription factors and associated CSC phenotypes.
  4. Redox modulation with preferential ROS elevation at higher anticancer concentrations; HT can shift from antioxidant to pro-oxidant behavior depending on concentration and cellular redox state.
  5. EGFR downregulation through receptor ubiquitination and enhanced lysosomal/proteasomal degradation in colorectal cancer models.
  6. Ferroptosis induction in some colorectal cancer models through ↓ NRF2/NQO1, ↓ SLC7A11/GPX4/GSH, ↑ iron, ↑ ROS and ↑ lipid peroxidation; this is highly context- and concentration-dependent.
  7. Suppression of migration, invasion and angiogenic signaling, including MMPs, HIF-1α and VEGF in selected models.
  8. NRF2-mediated antioxidant and cytoprotective signaling in non-malignant systems; this mechanism is secondary and can oppose ferroptotic or ROS-dependent anticancer strategies.

Bioavailability / PK relevance: HT is absorbed after oral administration but undergoes rapid and extensive intestinal and hepatic metabolism, particularly sulfation, glucuronidation, methylation and oxidation. Circulating free hydroxytyrosol is therefore low and transient, while conjugated metabolites predominate. The food or pharmaceutical matrix materially affects exposure; lipid-based matrices such as extra-virgin olive oil can increase apparent bioavailability. Human studies using approximately 5–45 mg oral HT demonstrate measurable systemic exposure and generally good short-term tolerability.

In-vitro vs systemic exposure relevance: A major translational limitation is the concentration gap. Many anticancer experiments use approximately 25–200 µM HT, and some older cancer models require several hundred µM for substantial growth inhibition. These concentrations are far above measured free-HT plasma concentrations after ordinary dietary or supplement dosing. Consequently, direct cytotoxic, ferroptotic and CSC-suppressive mechanisms demonstrated at high in-vitro concentrations should not be assumed to occur systemically after standard oral supplementation.

Clinical evidence status: Small human studies and randomized trials support systemic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cardiometabolic effects of oral HT, and a small 12-month study has investigated 25 mg/day HT in women at increased breast-cancer risk. There is currently no established therapeutic RCT evidence demonstrating treatment of an existing human cancer by hydroxytyrosol, and it is not an approved cancer therapy. Oncology evidence remains predominantly cell-culture and animal/xenograft evidence; clinical use should therefore be classified as investigational / dietary adjunct rather than anticancer treatment.

Hydroxytyrosol Cancer Mechanisms

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 Apoptosis and cell-cycle control ↑ apoptosis; ↑ BAX:BCL-2; ↑ caspases; ↑ p21/p27; ↓ cyclin D1/E; ↓ CDK2/4 ↔ / substantially less cytotoxicity (model-dependent) R–G Growth arrest and programmed cell death One of the most consistently reproduced anticancer phenotypes; cancer-selective effects have been reported in prostate and colon models, although usually at concentrations above typical systemic nutritional exposure.
2 PI3K AKT STAT3 signaling ↓ PI3K; ↓ p-AKT; ↓ STAT3 (model-dependent) ↔ / context-dependent R–G Reduced survival and proliferation signaling Observed in prostate, hematological, melanoma and other cancer models. Direction can differ under ROS-dependent stress, so AKT modulation is not universal.
3 Wnt β-catenin TGF-β and cancer stemness ↓ Wnt/β-catenin; ↓ TGF-β; ↓ EMT; ↓ CSC phenotype ↔ / context-dependent G Reduced stemness, invasion and metastatic phenotype Particularly relevant to triple-negative breast-cancer models. Evidence remains preclinical and generally requires direct cellular exposure substantially above circulating free HT after dietary intake.
4 NF-κB inflammatory survival signaling ↓ NF-κB; ↓ nuclear p65 (model-dependent) ↓ inflammatory NF-κB signaling R–G Anti-inflammatory and anti-survival signaling Can contribute to inhibition of proliferation and inflammatory tumor signaling while also providing anti-inflammatory effects in non-malignant cells.
5 EGFR receptor turnover ↓ EGFR Not well characterized R–G Reduced proliferative receptor signaling HT can promote Cbl-associated EGFR ubiquitination followed by lysosomal and proteasomal degradation in colorectal cancer models.
6 Pro-oxidant ROS stress ↑ ROS (high concentration only) ↓ ROS at nutritional or protective exposure P–R Oxidative-stress-mediated tumor-cell killing Important dual behavior: HT is normally considered an antioxidant, but high exposure can increase ROS in colon cancer, melanoma and other malignant cells and contribute to apoptosis or ferroptosis.
7 Ferroptosis and System Xc GPX4 ↑ ferroptosis; ↓ SLC7A11; ↓ GPX4; ↓ GSH; ↑ iron; ↑ lipid peroxidation (high concentration only) ↓ lipid oxidation under antioxidant conditions R–G Iron-dependent oxidative cell death Demonstrated in HCT116 and SW480 colorectal cancer cells. This conflicts with treating HT as an intrinsically anti-ferroptotic antioxidant; direction is strongly dependent on tumor type and exposure.
8 NRF2 NQO1 redox defense ↓ in ferroptosis-sensitive colorectal models; ↑ or ↔ in other contexts ↑ (context-dependent) R–G Context-dependent control of endogenous antioxidant defenses NRF2 should not be assigned one universal direction for HT. Activation is frequently reported in protective non-cancer models, whereas HT suppressed NRF2/NQO1 during colorectal-cancer ferroptosis. Human HT administration has not consistently demonstrated NRF2-dependent Phase II enzyme induction.
9 Mitochondrial dysfunction and membrane potential ↓ mitochondrial membrane potential (high concentration only) ↑ mitochondrial protection (context-dependent) R Facilitates stress-induced cancer-cell death Another example of differential redox biology: high anticancer concentrations can disrupt mitochondrial function, while nutritional exposure can protect mitochondria in non-malignant tissues.
10 Migration invasion and angiogenic signaling ↓ MMP2/MMP9; ↓ HIF-1α; ↓ VEGF; ↓ migration/invasion (model-dependent) ↔ / context-dependent G Reduced metastatic and angiogenic phenotype Supported by several preclinical systems but substantially less clinically established than apoptosis and growth-signaling effects.
11 Clinical Translation Constraint — — — Systemic exposure limits direct anticancer translation Rapid Phase II metabolism and low circulating free HT mean that many 25–200 µM or higher experimental exposures are unlikely to be reproduced by ordinary oral supplementation. No established therapeutic cancer efficacy in humans.

TSF: P: 0–30 min     R: 30 min–3 hr     G: >3 hr



Hydroxytyrosol (HT) — Cancer Stemness / EMT Axis (Addendum)

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 EMT (Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition) ↓ (model-/dose-dependent) ↔ R→G Reduces EMT-associated transcription (e.g., Snail, Twist) Reported attenuation of mesenchymal phenotype; relevance strongest in breast and melanoma models; mostly in-vitro.
2 CSC markers (CD44+/CD24–) ↓ (model-dependent) ↔ G Reduces stemness-associated phenotype Observed reduction in CSC-like populations in breast cancer models; requires supra-physiologic exposure in many studies.
3 Notch signaling ↓ (model-dependent) ↔ R→G Stemness pathway inhibition Downregulation of Notch pathway components reported; central to CSC maintenance; not universally replicated across tumor types.
4 HIF-1α / hypoxia-driven stemness ↓ (preclinical) ↔ R→G Suppresses hypoxia adaptation Reduced HIF-1α signaling may attenuate hypoxia-induced CSC traits; data strongest in gastric and breast models.
5 Tumor-type specificity Breast, Melanoma, Gastric (preclinical) — — CSC-like cell sensitivity Evidence largely limited to cell-line and xenograft systems; translational dosing gap remains significant.

TSF Legend: P: 0–30 min | R: 30 min–3 hr | G: >3 hr



Alzheimer's disease relevance: Hydroxytyrosol has credible preclinical neuroprotective activity, particularly through reduction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, preservation of mitochondrial function and modulation of proteostasis/autophagy. Effects on amyloid pathology are inconsistent across animal models: some studies report reduced Aβ burden whereas others report cognitive and mitochondrial improvement without altered APP processing or Aβ accumulation. Human evidence specific to Alzheimer’s disease remains insufficient; cognitive studies of HT-rich olive preparations should not be interpreted as demonstrating treatment of AD.

Primary mechanisms (ranked):

  1. Reduction of neuronal oxidative stress and lipid/protein oxidation.
  2. Suppression of NF-κB-associated neuroinflammatory signaling.
  3. Preservation of mitochondrial function and endogenous antioxidant defenses.
  4. Enhancement of autophagy/proteostasis in selected AD models.
  5. Reduction of Aβ toxicity and, in some models, Aβ plaque burden; effects on amyloid processing are inconsistent.
  6. NRF2/SKN-1 antioxidant-response activation in experimental systems.

Clinical evidence status: Preclinical animal and cellular evidence with limited indirect human cognitive evidence. There is no convincing clinical evidence that isolated hydroxytyrosol prevents, slows or treats established Alzheimer’s disease.

Hydroxytyrosol Alzheimer Mechanisms

Rank Pathway / Axis Modulation TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 Oxidative stress and lipid oxidation ↓ ROS; ↓ oxidative damage P–R Neuronal protection Among the most consistent HT effects across neurodegenerative experimental systems.
2 Neuroinflammation and NF-κB ↓ NF-κB; ↓ inflammatory signaling R–G Reduced neuronal and glial inflammatory stress HT attenuates Aβ-associated NF-κB activation in cellular systems and reduces inflammatory markers in animal models.
3 Mitochondrial integrity ↑ R–G Improved bioenergetic resilience Animal evidence supports reduced mitochondrial oxidative injury and improved mitochondrial function.
4 Autophagy and proteostasis ↑ (model-dependent) G Clearance of damaged or aggregation-prone proteins Autophagy induction has accompanied cognitive improvement and reduced neuropathology in some transgenic AD models.
5 Amyloid β toxicity and deposition ↓ (model-dependent) G Reduced amyloid-associated neurotoxicity Some models show reduced Aβ42 or plaque burden, whereas APP/PS1 experiments have reported neurological benefit without reduced Aβ accumulation. Therefore this should not be presented as a universal HT mechanism.
6 NRF2 antioxidant response ↑ (model-dependent) R–G Enhanced cellular stress resistance Supported strongly by experimental models, but direct NRF2/Phase II activation after oral HT has not been convincingly demonstrated in humans.
7 Clinical Translation Constraint — — Insufficient human AD evidence Human cognitive studies involve olive-derived preparations or non-AD populations; isolated HT has not demonstrated disease-modifying efficacy in Alzheimer’s disease.

TSF: P: 0–30 min     R: 30 min–3 hr     G: >3 hr
AntiBio, Antibiotic/Antimicrobial activity: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:

Antibiotic / antimicrobial activity: The ability of a substance to suppress or kill microorganisms, especially bacteria, by disrupting microbial survival, growth, biofilm formation, cell-wall integrity, membrane function, protein synthesis, nucleic-acid synthesis, quorum sensing, or virulence.

Natural Products that might have antimicrobial properties

Natural supplement or product Principal constituents Potential antimicrobial activity Evidence assessment Reference
Garlic
Allium sativum		 Allicin, ajoene and diallyl sulfides Antibacterial and antifungal activity, with some antiviral and antiparasitic effects reported in laboratory studies. Extensive laboratory evidence, but insufficient clinical evidence to use garlic as a treatment for established infections. Tesfaye A. Revealing the therapeutic uses of garlic and its potential for drug discovery. Scientific review.
Berberine Berberine isoquinoline alkaloid May damage bacterial membranes, inhibit efflux pumps, interfere with nucleic-acid and protein synthesis, and inhibit biofilm formation. Strong preclinical evidence and limited indication-specific clinical evidence. Poor oral bioavailability and drug interactions limit its use as a general antimicrobial. Berberine as a therapeutic alkaloid against ESKAPE and multidrug-resistant bacteria: a comprehensive review.
Cranberry extract
Vaccinium macrocarpon		 A-type proanthocyanidins Primarily reduces adhesion of uropathogenic bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli, to urinary epithelial cells. May reduce recurrent urinary tract infections in selected populations. It is preventive rather than a reliable treatment for an active UTI. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Cranberry—Usefulness and Safety.
Probiotics
Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Saccharomyces boulardii 		Live microorganisms; effects are strain-specific Competitive exclusion of pathogens, production of bacteriocins, inhibition of pathogen adhesion and restoration of microbiome function. Some human evidence for antibiotic-associated diarrhea and selected gastrointestinal or vaginal indications. Results cannot be generalized from one strain to another. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements: Probiotics—Health Professional Fact Sheet.
Medical-grade honey / Manuka honey Methylglyoxal, hydrogen peroxide, defensin-1, organic acids and high osmolarity Broad topical antibacterial and antibiofilm activity; also supports autolytic debridement and wound healing. Clinically relevant primarily as a standardized, medical-grade topical wound product. Ordinary food honey is not equivalent. Jull AB et al. Honey as a topical treatment for wounds. Cochrane systematic review.
Oregano oil
Origanum vulgare		 Carvacrol and thymol Antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activity, largely through disruption of microbial membranes. Strong laboratory activity, but inadequate human evidence for oral treatment of infections. Concentrated oil can cause irritation. Chemical composition, biological activity and potential uses of oregano and oregano essential oil: a review.
Thyme
Thymus vulgaris		 Thymol and carvacrol Antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activity through membrane damage and altered microbial permeability. Better established as a constituent of topical antiseptic and oral-care formulations than as an oral treatment for systemic infection. PubMed literature: thyme, thymol and antimicrobial activity.
Tea tree oil
Melaleuca alternifolia		 Terpinen-4-ol and related monoterpenes Topical antibacterial and antifungal activity with some antiviral laboratory activity. Some clinical evidence for topical acne and fungal skin conditions. Tea tree oil is toxic when swallowed and may cause contact dermatitis. Carson CF et al. Melaleuca alternifolia oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties.
Echinacea
Echinacea species		 Alkamides, caffeic-acid derivatives, polysaccharides and glycoproteins Primarily immunomodulatory; relatively weak and inconsistent direct antimicrobial activity. Evidence for preventing or shortening respiratory infections is inconsistent and preparation-dependent. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Echinacea—Usefulness and Safety.
Elderberry
Sambucus nigra		 Anthocyanins, flavonols and phenolic acids Antiviral effects have been reported in cell-culture and preclinical studies, including interference with viral entry or replication. Small human trials have examined respiratory symptoms, but evidence remains insufficient to establish treatment of influenza or other viral infections. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Elderberry.
Curcumin / turmeric
Curcuma longa		 Curcumin and related curcuminoids Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antibiofilm activity through multiple membrane, enzyme and signalling effects. Predominantly laboratory evidence. Poor aqueous solubility and low systemic bioavailability are major clinical limitations. Moghadamtousi SZ et al. A review on antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity of curcumin.
Ginger
Zingiber officinale		 Gingerols, shogaols and zingerone Antibacterial and antifungal activity, including possible inhibition of microbial adhesion and biofilm formation. Primarily laboratory evidence; there is little direct clinical evidence that ginger supplements treat infections. PubMed literature: ginger, gingerols and antimicrobial activity.
Clove
Syzygium aromaticum		 Eugenol and eugenyl acetate Antibacterial, antifungal and local antiseptic activity, principally through membrane and protein disruption. Relevant mainly to topical, food-preservation and dental applications. Evidence for systemic infection treatment is insufficient. PubMed literature: clove, eugenol and antimicrobial activity.
Cinnamon
Cinnamomum species		 Cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and cinnamic acid derivatives Antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activity; may alter microbial membranes and quorum-sensing pathways. Predominantly laboratory evidence. Cassia cinnamon can contribute substantial coumarin exposure when consumed in concentrated amounts. PubMed literature: cinnamon, cinnamaldehyde and antimicrobial activity.
Neem
Azadirachta indica		 Nimbidin, nimbin, nimbolide, azadirachtin and other limonoids Antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antibiofilm effects have been reported. Some topical and dental research exists, but systemic clinical evidence is inadequate. Oral neem preparations have important safety concerns. PubMed literature: Azadirachta indica and antimicrobial activity.
Black seed
Nigella sativa		 Thymoquinone, thymohydroquinone and related volatile compounds Antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and possible antiviral activity. Considerable laboratory research but limited, heterogeneous clinical evidence for infectious diseases. PubMed literature: Nigella sativa, thymoquinone and antimicrobial activity.
Green tea extract
Camellia sinensis		 Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and other catechins Antibacterial, antiviral and antibiofilm activity; may damage membranes, inhibit microbial enzymes and enhance some antibiotics. Some localized oral-health evidence, but limited evidence for treating systemic infections. Concentrated extracts may cause liver injury in susceptible individuals. PubMed literature: EGCG, green tea and antimicrobial activity.
Licorice root
Glycyrrhiza species		 Glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritigenin and other flavonoids Antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal effects have been reported in laboratory and preclinical studies. Limited clinical antimicrobial evidence. Glycyrrhizin can cause hypertension, hypokalemia, fluid retention and clinically important drug interactions. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Licorice Root.
Andrographis
Andrographis paniculata		 Andrographolide and related diterpenoid lactones Immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and possible antiviral or antibacterial activity. Some evidence for modest symptom reduction in uncomplicated respiratory infections, but this does not establish direct pathogen eradication. PubMed literature: Andrographis and respiratory infections.
Pelargonium sidoides Proanthocyanidins, phenolic acids and oxygenated coumarin derivatives Possible antiviral, antibacterial anti-adhesive and immunomodulatory activity. Some human evidence for modest symptom improvement in acute bronchitis and selected respiratory infections. It is not a substitute for antibiotics when bacterial treatment is indicated. Timmer A et al. Pelargonium sidoides extract for acute respiratory tract infections. Cochrane systematic review.
Monolaurin
Glycerol monolaurate		 Monolaurin, a monoester derived from lauric acid May disrupt lipid membranes and interfere with signalling or virulence in certain bacteria and enveloped viruses. Predominantly laboratory and animal evidence. There is insufficient clinical evidence to recommend oral monolaurin for infections. PubMed literature: glycerol monolaurate and antimicrobial activity.
Caprylic acid Octanoic acid, an eight-carbon medium-chain fatty acid Antifungal and membrane-disrupting activity, particularly against Candida species, has been reported in vitro. Insufficient human evidence for treating candidiasis or systemic fungal infection. Marketing claims commonly exceed the evidence. PubMed literature: caprylic acid and Candida.
Olive leaf extract
Olea europaea		 Oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and elenolic-acid derivatives Antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity has been observed in laboratory studies. Preliminary evidence only; clinical trials have not established it as a treatment for infectious disease. PubMed literature: olive leaf, oleuropein and antimicrobial activity.
Goldenseal
Hydrastis canadensis		 Hydrastine, canadine and berberine Extracts and individual alkaloids show antibacterial activity in laboratory studies. There is no good clinical evidence that goldenseal treats human infections. Product composition, absorption and drug interactions are important limitations. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Goldenseal.
Sweet wormwood / artemisinin
Artemisia annua 		Artemisinin and related sesquiterpene lactones Artemisinin derivatives are potent antimalarial agents. Additional antibacterial, antiviral and antiparasitic effects are being studied. Artemisinin-based combination therapies are established medicines, not ordinary supplements. Herbal preparations should not replace standardized malaria treatment because dose variability can promote treatment failure and resistance. World Health Organization: Guidelines for malaria.

Evidence interpretation

  • Clinical evidence: Effects have been studied in human participants, but usually for a specific preparation, route, dose and indication.
  • Preclinical evidence: Activity has mainly been demonstrated in cell culture, microbial cultures or animal models.
  • Anti-adhesive or probiotic activity: The product may reduce colonization or pathogen attachment without directly killing the microorganism.
  • Topical evidence: Results from topical use cannot be assumed to apply to an orally administered supplement.


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
7528- HT,    Involvement of the PI3K/AKT Intracellular Signaling Pathway in the AntiCancer Activity of Hydroxytyrosol, a Polyphenol from Olea europaea, in Hematological Cells and Implication of HSP60 Levels in Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity
- NA, NA, Jurkat - NA, NA, HL-60 - NA, NA, RAW264.7
*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *AntiBio↑, *cardioP↑, AntiCan↑, TumCCA↑, PI3K↓, MAPK↑, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, Casp9↑, Bcl-2↓, p‑P53↓,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 1 of 1

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 1

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

ROS↑, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Apoptosis↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 1,   Casp9↑, 1,   MAPK↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

p‑P53↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

TumCCA↑, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

PI3K↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 9

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

AntiBio↑, 1,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

Inflam↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

cardioP↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 4

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: AntiBio, Antibiotic/Antimicrobial activity
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:376  Target#:1483  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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