Database Query Results : Berberine, , TumCMig

BBR, Berberine: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Berberine is a chemical found in some plants like European barberry, goldenseal, goldthread, Oregon grape, phellodendron, and tree turmeric. Berberine is a bitter-tasting and yellow-colored chemical.
Coptis (commonly referring to Coptidis Rhizoma, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb) contains bioactive alkaloids (most notably berberine and coptisine) that have been studied for their pharmacological effects—including their influence on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and related pathways.

– Berberine is known for its relatively low oral bioavailability, often cited at less than 1%. This low bioavailability is mainly due to poor intestinal absorption and active efflux by transport proteins such as P-glycoprotein.
– Despite the low bioavailability, berberine is still pharmacologically active, and its metabolites may also contribute to its overall effects.

• Effective Dosage in Studies
– Many clinical trials or preclinical studies use dosages in the range of 500 to 1500 mg per day, typically administered in divided doses.
– Therefore, to obtain a bioactive dose of berberine, supplementation in a standardized extract form is necessary.

-IC50 in cancer cell lines: Approximately 10–100 µM (commonly around 20–50 µM in many models)
-IC50 in normal cell lines: Generally higher (often above 100 µM), although this can vary with cell type
- In vivo studies: Dosing regimens in animal models generally range from about 50 to 200 mg/kg
- very effective AChE inhibitor (Alzheimers)
- Berberine may enhance the effects of blood-thinning medications like warfarin and aspirin.


-Note half-life reports vary 2.5-90hrs?.
-low solubility of apigenin in water : BioAv
Pathways:
- induce ROS production
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, UPR↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓
- Lowers AntiOxidant defense in Cancer Cells: NRF2↓, GSH↓
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓
- PI3K/AKT(Inhibition), JAK/STATs, Wnt/β-catenin, AMPK, MAPK/ERK, and JNK.
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : , MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, IGF-1↓, uPA↓, VEGF↓, ROCK1↓, FAK↓, RhoA↓, NF-κB↓, CXCR4↓, TGF-β↓, α-SMA↓, ERK↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : HDAC↓, DNMT1↓, EZH2↓, P53↑, HSP↓
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, FAK↓, ERK↓,
- inhibits glycolysis /Warburg Effect and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, GLUT1↓, LDH↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, PFKs↓, PDKs↓, Glucose↓, GlucoseCon↓
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Notch↓, FGF↓, PDGF↓, EGFR↓, Integrins↓,
- inhibits Cancer Stem Cells : CSC↓, Hh↓, GLi1↓, CD133↓, β-catenin↓, n-myc↓, sox2↓, notch2↓, nestin↓, OCT4↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK↓, α↓, ERK↓, JNK,
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,
- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells

Rank Pathway / Target Axis Direction Primary Effect Notes / Cancer Relevance Ref
1 AMPK → mTOR axis ↑ AMPK / ↓ mTOR signaling Metabolic stress + growth suppression In vivo/in vitro colon tumorigenesis model: berberine activates AMPK, inhibits mTOR signaling and reduces proliferation/tumorigenesis, growth suppression, autophagy, HIF-1α ↓, glycolysis ↓, berberine’s known mitochondrial/energetic effects (ref)
2 Mitochondrial dysfunction / ROS generation ↑ ROS / mitochondrial stress Upstream metabolic trigger Berberine inhibits mitochondrial function, increases ROS, and contributes to AMPK activation and downstream apoptosis (ref)
3 Mitochondrial apoptosis (cytochrome c release) ↑ cytochrome c release Intrinsic death signaling Oral cancer model: berberine reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, releases cytochrome c, activates caspase-3 (ref)
4 Intrinsic apoptosis (caspase-3 activation) ↑ caspase-3 activation Programmed cell death Same oral cancer study documents caspase-3 activation as a key execution marker (ref)
5 NF-κB signaling (p65 activation) ↓ NF-κB activation Reduced pro-survival transcription Colon cancer model reports inhibition of p65 phosphorylation; interpreted as secondary to metabolic/redox stress (ref)
6 Cell cycle control ↑ G1 arrest Proliferation blockade Prostate cancer model: berberine induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest and caspase-3–dependent apoptosis (ref)
7 Hypoxia / glycolysis signaling (HIF-1α) ↓ HIF-1α protein Warburg / glycolysis suppression Berberine suppresses mTOR and reduces HIF-1α protein expression downstream of AMPK activation (ref)
8 Angiogenesis signaling (HIF-1α → VEGF axis) ↓ VEGF signaling Reduced vascular support Lung cancer study: berberine suppresses VEGF signaling alongside HIF-1α inhibition (ref)
9 PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling ↓ PI3K / AKT / mTOR Survival pathway suppression Gastric cancer paper: berberine represses PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and improves chemosensitivity (ref)
10 Migration / invasion programs ↓ migration & invasion Anti-metastatic phenotype Tongue SCC model: berberine suppresses migration and invasion with associated signaling changes (ref)
11 Telomerase (hTERT) / immortalization axis ↓ hTERT-related signaling Reduced proliferative capacity Lung cancer study includes AP-2/hTERT regulatory axis modulation by berberine (ref)
12 In vivo tumor suppression ↓ tumorigenesis Demonstrated anti-tumor effect Colon tumorigenesis model confirms reduced proliferation and tumor burden with berberine (ref)


TumCMig, Tumor cell migration: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Tumor cell migration is a critical process in cancer progression and metastasis, which is the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to distant sites in the body.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2711- BBR,    Berberine inhibits the progression of breast cancer by regulating METTL3-mediated m6A modification of FGF7 mRNA
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vivo, NA, NA
TumCP↓, BBR treatment hindered breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and induced apoptosis
TumCI↓,
TumCMig↓,
Apoptosis↑,
FGF↓, FGF7 expression was upregulated in breast cancer tissues, while its level was reduced in BBR-treated tumor cells
IGFBP3↑, IGF2BP3 recognized the m6A modification of FGF7 mRNA and enhanced its expression

2709- BBR,    Berberine inhibits the glycolysis and proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by down-regulating HIF-1α
- in-vitro, HCC, HepG2
TumCP↓, After exposure to 100 μmol/L BBR, the proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2 cells were reduced, along with apoptosis was increased, while the levels of glycolysis-related proteins were decreased
TumCMig↓,
TumCI↓,
Apoptosis↑,
Glycolysis↓, BBR inhibits proliferation and glycolysis of HCC cells in vivo
Hif1a↓, BBR can down-regulate HIF-1α in the hypoxic microenvironment, and hinder the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cell
GLUT1↓, treatment with 100μmol/L BBR for 48 h, the levels of GLUT1, HK2, PKM2, and LDHA mRNA were markedly reduced in HepG2 cells
HK2↓,
PKM2↓,
LDHA↓,

2702- BBR,    The enhancement of combination of berberine and metformin in inhibition of DNMT1 gene expression through interplay of SP1 and PDPK1
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Lung, H1975
TumCG↓, BBR inhibited growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated increase in forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a).
MAPK↓,
FOXO3↑,
TumCCA↑, BBR not only induced cell cycle arrest, but also reduced migration and invasion of NSCLC cells
TumCMig↓,
TumCI↓,
Sp1/3/4↓, BBR reduced 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDPK1) and transcription factor SP1 protein expressions.
PDK1↓, BBR reduced 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1
DNMT1↓, BBR inhibited DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) gene expression and overexpressed DNMT1 resisted BBR-inhibited cell growth
eff↑, Finally, metformin enhanced the effects of BBR both in vitro and in vivo.

2700- BBR,    Cell-specific pattern of berberine pleiotropic effects on different human cell lines
- in-vitro, GBM, U343 - in-vitro, GBM, MIA PaCa-2 - in-vitro, Nor, HDFa
selectivity↑, berberine differentially affects cell viability, displaying a higher cytotoxicity on the two cancer cell lines than on HDF
TumCCA↑, Berberine also affects cell cycle progression, senescence, caspase-3 activity, autophagy and migration in a cell-specific manner.
Casp3↑, it increases caspase-3 activity and impairs migration/invasion.
TumCI↓,
TumCMig↓,
N-cadherin?,
DNMT1↑, DNMT1 was also upregulated in U343 cells (4-fold) after 50 μM berberine for 48 hours and in MIA PaCa-2 cells after treatment with both 10 μM and 50 μM berberine for 48 hours (5-fold and 15-fold, respectively).

5182- BBR,    Berberine suppresses in vitro migration and invasion of human SCC-4 tongue squamous cancer cells through the inhibitions of FAK, IKK, NF-κB, u-PA and MMP-2 and -9
- in-vitro, SCC, SCC4
TumCMig↓, berberine inhibited migration and invasion of human SCC-4 tongue squamous carcinoma cells
TumCI↓,
p‑JNK↝, This action was mediated by the p-JNK, p-ERK, p-p38, IκK and NF-κB signaling pathways resulting in inhibition of MMP-2 and -9
p‑ERK↝,
p‑p38↝,
IKKα↝,
NF-kB↝,
MMP2↓,
MMP9↓,

5180- BBR,    Berberine Targets AP-2/hTERT, NF-κB/COX-2, HIF-1α/VEGF and Cytochrome-c/Caspase Signaling to Suppress Human Cancer Cell Growth
- in-vitro, NSCLC, NA
TumCMig↓, BBR promoted cell morphology change, inhibited cell migration, proliferation and colony formation, and induced cell apoptosis.
TumCP↓,
Apoptosis↑,
TFAP2A↓, BBR inhibited AP-2α and AP-2β expression and abrogated their binding on hTERT promoters, thereby inhibiting hTERT expression.
hTERT/TERT↓,
NF-kB↓, BBR also suppressed the nuclear translocation of p50/p65 NF-κB proteins and their binding to COX-2 promoter, causing inhibition of COX-2.
COX2↓,
Hif1a↓, BBR also downregulated HIF-1α and VEGF expression and inhibited Akt and ERK phosphorylation.
VEGF↓,
Akt↓,
p‑ERK↓,
Cyt‑c↑, BBR treatment triggered cytochrome-c release from mitochondrial inter-membrane space into cytosol, promoted cleavage of caspase and PARP,
cl‑Casp↑,
cl‑PARP↑,
PI3K↓, BBR inhibited HIF-1α/VEGF, PI3K/AKT, Raf/MEK/ERK signaling
Akt↓,
Raf↓,
MEK↓,
ERK↓,

2682- BBR,    Berberine Inhibited Growth and Migration of Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines by Increasing Phosphatase and Tensin and Inhibiting Aquaporins 1, 3 and 5 Expressions
- in-vitro, CRC, HT29 - in-vitro, CRC, SW480 - in-vitro, CRC, HCT116
TumCP↓, We demonstrated that treatment of these CRC cell lines with berberine inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion through induction of apoptosis and necrosis.
TumCMig↓,
TumCI↓,
Apoptosis↑,
necrosis↑,
AQPs↓, berberine treatment down-regulated the expression of all three types of AQPs.
PTEN↑, up-regulating PTEN and down-regulating PI3K, AKT and p-AKT expression as well as suppressing its downstream targets, mTOR and p-mTOR at the protein level
PI3K↓,
Akt↓,
p‑Akt↓,
mTOR↓,
p‑mTOR↓,

1392- BBR,    Based on network pharmacology and experimental validation, berberine can inhibit the progression of gastric cancer by modulating oxidative stress
- in-vitro, GC, AGS - in-vitro, GC, MKN45
TumCG↓,
TumCMig↓,
ROS↑, intracellular
MDA↑, intracellular
SOD↓, intracellular
NRF2↓,
HO-1↓,
Hif1a↓,
EMT↓,
Snail↓,
Vim↓,

1102- BBR,    Berberine suppressed epithelial mesenchymal transition through cross-talk regulation of PI3K/AKT and RARα/RARβ in melanoma cells
- in-vitro, Melanoma, B16-BL6
TumCMig↓,
TumCI↓,
EMT↓,
p‑PI3K↓,
p‑Akt↓,
RARα↓,
RARβ↑,
RARγ↑,
E-cadherin↑,
N-cadherin↓,

2678- BBR,    Berberine as a Potential Agent for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
- Review, CRC, NA
*Inflam↓, BBR exerts remarkable anti-inflammatory (94–96), antiviral (97), antioxidant (98), antidiabetic (99), immunosuppressive (100), cardiovascular (101, 102), and neuroprotective (103) activities.
*antiOx↑,
*cardioP↑,
*neuroP↑,
TumCCA↑, BBR could induce G1 cycle arrest in A549 lung cancer cells by decreasing the levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1
cycD1/CCND1↓,
cycE/CCNE↓,
CDC2↓, BBR also induced G1 cycle arrest by inhibiting cyclin B1 expression and CDC2 kinase in some cancer cells
AMPK↝, BBR has been suggested to induce autophagy in glioblastoma by targeting the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)/ULK1 pathway
mTOR↝,
Casp8↑, BBR has been revealed to stimulate apoptosis in leukemia by upregulation of caspase-8 and caspase-9
Casp9↑,
Cyt‑c↑, in skin squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells by increasing cytochrome C levels
TumCMig↓, BBR has been confirmed to inhibit cell migration and invasion by inhibiting the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)
TumCI↓,
EMT↓,
MMPs↓, metastasis-related proteins, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and E-cadherin,
E-cadherin↓,
Telomerase↓, BBR has shown antitumor effects by interacting with microRNAs (125) and inhibiting telomerase activity
*toxicity↓, Numerous studies have revealed that BBR is a safe and effective treatment for CRC
GRP78/BiP↓, Downregulates GRP78
EGFR↓, Downregulates EGFR
CDK4↓, downregulates CDK4, TERT, and TERC
COX2↓, Reduces levels of COX-2/PGE2, phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3, and expression of MMP-2/-9.
PGE2↓,
p‑JAK2↓,
p‑STAT3↓,
MMP2↓,
MMP9↓,
GutMicro↑, BBR can inhibit tumor growth through meditation of the intestinal flora and mucosal barrier, and generally and ultimately improve weight loss. BBR has been reported to modulate the composition of intestinal flora and significantly reduce flora divers
eff↝, BBR can regulate the activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are observed when BBR is coadministered with P-gp substrates
*BioAv↓, the efficiency of BBR is limited by its low bioavailability due to its poor absorption rate in the gut, low solubility in water, and fast metabolism. Studies have shown that the oral bioavailability of BBR is 0.68% in rats
BioAv↑, combining it with p-gp inhibitors (such as tariquidar and tetrandrine) (196, 198), and modification to berberine organic acid salts (BOAs)

1398- BBR,    Berberine inhibits the progression of renal cell carcinoma cells by regulating reactive oxygen species generation and inducing DNA damage
- in-vitro, Kidney, NA
TumCP↓,
TumCMig↓,
ROS↑,
Apoptosis↑,
BAX↑,
BAD↑,
Bak↑,
Cyt‑c↑,
cl‑Casp3↑,
cl‑Casp9↑,
E-cadherin↑,
TIMP1↑,
γH2AX↑,
Bcl-2↓,
N-cadherin↓,
Vim↓,
Snail↓,
RAD51↓,
PCNA↓,


* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 11

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

HO-1↓, 1,   MDA↑, 1,   NRF2↓, 1,   ROS↑, 2,   SOD↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

CDC2↓, 1,   MEK↓, 1,   Raf↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

AMPK↝, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 1,   HK2↓, 1,   LDHA↓, 1,   PDK1↓, 1,   PKM2↓, 1,   RARα↓, 1,   RARβ↑, 1,   RARγ↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 3,   p‑Akt↓, 2,   Apoptosis↑, 5,   BAD↑, 1,   Bak↑, 1,   BAX↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 1,   cl‑Casp↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,   cl‑Casp3↑, 1,   Casp8↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 1,   cl‑Casp9↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 3,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   p‑JNK↝, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,   necrosis↑, 1,   p‑p38↝, 1,   Telomerase↓, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

Sp1/3/4↓, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

GRP78/BiP↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNMT1↓, 1,   DNMT1↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 1,   PCNA↓, 1,   RAD51↓, 1,   γH2AX↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK4↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 1,   cycE/CCNE↓, 1,   TFAP2A↓, 1,   TumCCA↑, 3,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

EMT↓, 3,   ERK↓, 1,   p‑ERK↓, 1,   p‑ERK↝, 1,   FGF↓, 1,   FOXO3↑, 1,   IGFBP3↑, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,   mTOR↝, 1,   p‑mTOR↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 2,   p‑PI3K↓, 1,   PTEN↑, 1,   p‑STAT3↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 2,  

Migration ⓘ

E-cadherin↓, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 2,   MMP2↓, 2,   MMP9↓, 2,   MMPs↓, 1,   N-cadherin?, 1,   N-cadherin↓, 2,   Snail↓, 2,   TIMP1↑, 1,   TumCI↓, 8,   TumCMig↓, 11,   TumCP↓, 5,   Vim↓, 2,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

EGFR↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 3,   VEGF↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

AQPs↓, 1,   GLUT1↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 2,   IKKα↝, 1,   p‑JAK2↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,   NF-kB↝, 1,   PGE2↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↑, 1,   eff↑, 1,   eff↝, 1,   selectivity↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

EGFR↓, 1,   GutMicro↑, 1,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 96

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

Inflam↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

cardioP↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 6

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: TumCMig, Tumor cell migration
11 Berberine
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:41  Target#:326  State#:%  Dir#:%
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