Cinnamon / NF-kB Cancer Research Results

Cin, Cinnamon: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Cinnamon is a spice from inner bark from several tree species.
Cinnamon refers primarily to bark extracts from Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon) and Cinnamomum cassia. Bioactive constituents include cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid derivatives, procyanidins, and polyphenols. In cancer models, cinnamon extracts and cinnamaldehyde are most frequently reported to exert anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic effects. Mechanistic themes include suppression of NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling, modulation of MAPK pathways, induction of mitochondrial apoptosis, and context-dependent ROS elevation in tumor cells. Some studies report inhibition of HIF-1α and glycolytic signaling, though cinnamon is not a direct enzymatic Warburg inhibitor. Effects vary substantially depending on species (Ceylon vs Cassia), preparation (aqueous vs ethanol extract), and dose. Human oncology data remain limited and largely preclinical.

Biological activity, cinnamaldehyde from Ceylon cinnamon:
Antimicrobial activity: 10-50 μM
Antioxidant activity: 10-100 μM
Anti-inflammatory activity: 20-50 μM
Anticancer activity: 50-100 μM
Cardiovascular health: 20-50 μM

5 g of Ceylon cinnamon might contain roughly between 30 mg and 150 mg of cinnamaldehyde, with an approximate mid-range estimate of about 70 mg.
Assuming a moderate supplemental intake 50–200 mg of cinnamaldehyde, peak plasma levels might be anticipated in the vicinity of 1–10 μM.

Cancer Pathway Table: Cinnamon

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer / Tumor Context Normal Tissue Context TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 NF-κB inflammatory / survival signaling NF-κB ↓; COX-2 ↓; cytokines ↓ (reported) Inflammatory tone ↓ R, G Anti-inflammatory / anti-survival One of the more consistently reported mechanisms across tumor models.
2 PI3K → AKT → mTOR axis PI3K/AKT ↓; proliferation ↓ (model-dependent) ↔ R, G Growth signaling suppression Frequently observed downstream of cinnamaldehyde exposure.
3 Intrinsic apoptosis (mitochondrial pathway) Bax ↑; Bcl-2 ↓; caspases ↑ (reported) Minimal activation at lower exposure G Apoptotic induction Apoptosis induction often associated with mitochondrial depolarization.
4 ROS modulation (dose-dependent) ROS ↑ (tumor contexts); apoptosis ↑ Antioxidant activity at low exposure P, R Redox modulation Cinnamaldehyde may increase ROS in cancer cells while acting antioxidant at lower doses.
5 MAPK pathways (ERK / JNK / p38) Stress-MAPK modulation (context-dependent) ↔ P, R, G Signal reprogramming JNK/p38 activation reported in apoptosis models; ERK modulation varies.
6 HIF-1α / glycolysis signaling HIF-1α ↓; glycolytic gene expression ↓ (reported) ↔ R, G Indirect Warburg modulation Not a direct enzyme inhibitor; metabolic effects appear secondary to survival pathway suppression.
7 Angiogenesis (VEGF signaling) VEGF ↓; angiogenesis ↓ (reported) ↔ G Anti-angiogenic Observed in some in vitro and animal models.
8 Cell-cycle regulation (G1/G2-M arrest) Cell-cycle arrest ↑ (reported) ↔ G Cytostasis Associated with reduced Cyclin/CDK expression.
9 Metastasis / EMT modulation MMPs ↓; migration ↓ (reported) ↔ G Anti-invasive phenotype Likely downstream of NF-κB and PI3K modulation.
10 Safety / composition constraint (coumarin content) High cassia intake may pose hepatotoxicity risk Generally safe in culinary amounts — Translation constraint Cassia cinnamon contains higher coumarin; Ceylon cinnamon preferred for higher intake.

TSF: P = 0–30 min (redox and early signaling effects), R = 30 min–3 hr (acute pathway modulation), G = >3 hr (apoptosis, angiogenesis, phenotype changes).



NF-kB, Nuclear factor kappa B: Click to Expand ⟱
Source: HalifaxProj(inhibit)
Type:
NF-kB signaling
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in regulating immune response, inflammation, cell proliferation, and survival.
NF-κB is often found to be constitutively active in many types of cancer cells. This persistent activation can promote tumorigenesis by enhancing cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
1055- Cin,    Cinnamon extract induces tumor cell death through inhibition of NFκB and AP1
- vitro+vivo, Melanoma, NA - vitro+vivo, CRC, NA - vitro+vivo, lymphoma, NA
TumCP↓, NF-kB↓, AP-1↓, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, survivin↓,
1567- Cin,    Cinnamon: Mystic powers of a minute ingredient
- Review, Var, NA
other∅, cognitive↑, antiOx↑, lipid-P↓, Apoptosis↑, NF-kB↓,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 2 of 2

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 2

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   lipid-P↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Apoptosis↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 1,   Bcl-xL↓, 1,   survivin↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other∅, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

AP-1↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

NF-kB↓, 2,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

cognitive↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 11

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Total Targets: 0

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: NF-kB, Nuclear factor kappa B
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:62  Target#:214  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

Home Page