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| Ferulic acid is an antioxidant found in some skin creams and serums. Foods: popcorn, bamboo, whole-grain rye bread, whole-grain oat flakes, sweet corn (cooked) Ferulic acid (FA) is a hydroxycinnamic acid abundant in plant cell walls (notably cereals/whole grains) with strong antioxidant and cytoprotective activity. Mechanistically, FA is frequently described as inducing Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant programs and suppressing NF-κB-linked inflammation, with additional model-dependent anticancer effects (cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, reduced invasion). Oral exposure is variable because FA is rapidly metabolized (often as conjugates) and bioaccessibility depends on the food matrix. -Ferulic acid found in dietary strand fractions, especially its free form, has important functions for protecting the human health. -AChE inhibitor (AD) -Cooking results in an increase in free ferulic acid quantity and in a reduction in bound ferulic acid quantity. Bamboo shoots 243.6 mg/100g Sugar-beet pulp 800 mg/100g Popcorn 313 mg/100g Wheat bran 500–1500mg/100g Whole wheat flour 100–300mg/100g
Pathway / Target Modulation by FA / Direction Aβ aggregation ↓ Inhibits fibril formation and destabilizes existing Aβ fibrils BACE‑1 & APP ↓ Reduces BACE-1 and APP expression; ↑ MMP‑2/‑9 expression promoting Aβ clearance Tau hyperphosphorylation Implicitly ↓ through modulation of Ca²⁺/CDK5/GSK3β pathways Ca²⁺ ↓ FA lowers STEP levels via chelation of Ca²⁺, suppressing PP2B → restores synaptic plasticity (AChE / BChE) ↓ Inhibition of AChE (FA IC₅₀~15 µM, derivatives IC₅₀ down to 0.006 µM); also BChE (MAO‑A/B) ↓ Inhibits MAO‑B (derivatives IC₅₀ ~0.3–0.7 µM), reducing ROS ROS ↓ Scavenges ROS, enhances antioxidant enzymes (e.g., catalase), ↓ MDA (COX‑2, 5‑LOX, NLRP3) ↓ Derivatives inhibit COX‑2/5‑LOX; derivative 13a ↓ NLRP3 inflammasome Iron/Cu²⁺ chelation ↓ Metal-induced Aβ aggregation via chelation by FA and derivatives Autophagy & Aβ clearance ↗ Suggested promotion of autophagy mechanisms targeting Aβ
Time-Scale Flag (TSF): P / R / G
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| Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP (energy) in the process. It is a fundamental process for cellular energy production and occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. In normal cells, glycolysis is tightly regulated and is followed by aerobic respiration in the presence of oxygen, which allows for the efficient production of ATP. In cancer cells, however, glycolysis is often upregulated, even in the presence of oxygen. This phenomenon is known as the Warburg Mutations in oncogenes (like MYC) and tumor suppressor genes (like TP53) can alter metabolic pathways, promoting glycolysis and other anabolic processes that support cell growth.effect. Acidosis: The increased production of lactate from glycolysis can lead to an acidic microenvironment, which may promote tumor invasion and suppress immune responses. Glycolysis is a hallmark of malignancy transformation in solid tumor, and LDH is the key enzyme involved in glycolysis. Pathways: -GLUTs, HK2, PFK, PK, PKM2, LDH, LDHA, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AMPK, HIF-1a, c-MYC, p53, SIRT6, HSP90α, GAPDH, HBT, PPP, Lactate Metabolism, ALDO Natural products targeting glycolytic signaling pathways https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9631946/ Alkaloids: -Berberine, Worenine, Sinomenine, NK007, Tetrandrine, N-methylhermeanthidine chloride, Dauricine, Oxymatrine, Matrine, Cryptolepine Flavonoids: -Oroxyline A, Apigenin, Kaempferol, Quercetin, Wogonin, Baicalein, Chrysin, Genistein, Cardamonin, Phloretin, Morusin, Bavachinin, 4-O-methylalpinumisofavone, Glabridin, Icaritin, LicA, Naringin, IVT, Proanthocyanidin B2, Scutellarin, Hesperidin, Silibinin, Catechin, EGCG, EGC, Xanthohumol. Non-flavonoid phenolic compounds: Curcumin, Resveratrol, Gossypol, Tannic acid. Terpenoids: -Cantharidin, Dihydroartemisinin, Oleanolic acid, Jolkinolide B, Cynaropicrin, Ursolic Acid, Triptolie, Oridonin, Micheliolide, Betulinic Acid, Beta-escin, Limonin, Bruceine D, Prosapogenin A (PSA), Oleuropein, Dioscin. Quinones: -Thymoquinone, Lapachoi, Tan IIA, Emodine, Rhein, Shikonin, Hypericin Others: -Perillyl alcohol, HCA, Melatonin, Sulforaphane, Vitamin D3, Mycoepoxydiene, Methyl jasmonate, CK, Phsyciosporin, Gliotoxin, Graviola, Ginsenoside, Beta-Carotene. |
| 1654- | FA, | Molecular mechanism of ferulic acid and its derivatives in tumor progression |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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