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| Soursop or Brazilian paw paw or guanabana. People use fruit, roots, seeds and leaves.
Graviola, also known as Annona muricata, is a tropical fruit-bearing tree native to the Americas. Graviola (Annona muricata; soursop) contains annonaceous acetogenins (e.g., annonacin, bullatacin-class compounds) that are widely described as mitochondrial complex I inhibitors, producing ATP depletion and downstream stress signaling that can lead to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in many in-vitro cancer models. A key real-world constraint is safety: epidemiology in the French Caribbean reports an association between high Annonaceae consumption and atypical parkinsonism, and animal data indicate annonacin can enter brain tissue and drive ATP depletion with neurodegenerative patterns under chronic exposure; therefore Graviola products should be treated as higher-risk than many polyphenols and should not be framed as a casual long-term supplement. GLUT1 inhibitor? The major pathways involved in Graviola's anti-cancer effects include: -Reported reduction of glucose uptake (e.g., GLUT1 expression) in selected tumor models.: Graviola extracts have been shown to inhibit the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a key enzyme involved in glycolysis, the process by which cancer cells produce energy. By inhibiting LDH, Graviola reduces the production of lactate, a key metabolite that fuels cancer cell growth.(likely secondary to mitochondrial ATP depletion) -Inhibition of glucose uptake: Graviola extracts have also been shown to inhibit the uptake of glucose by cancer cells, further reducing their energy production. -Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway: The PI3K/AKT pathway is a key signaling pathway involved in cell survival and proliferation. Graviola extracts have been shown to inhibit this pathway, leading to reduced cancer cell growth and survival. -Induction of apoptosis: Graviola extracts have been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells by activating pro-apoptotic proteins and inhibiting anti-apoptotic proteins. The major compounds responsible for Graviola's anti-cancer effects are: Annonaceous acetogenins: These are a group of compounds found in Graviola that have been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis. Graviola (Annona muricata) — also known as soursop, guanábana, guyabano, and Brazilian pawpaw, is a tropical Annonaceae tree whose fruit, leaves, bark, roots, and seeds contain multiple phytochemical classes, particularly annonaceous acetogenins such as annonacin, along with flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolics. It is best classified as a botanical extract / medicinal plant rather than a single drug; the standard abbreviation A. muricata or AM is commonly used. Anticancer activity is predominantly attributed to acetogenin-mediated mitochondrial complex I inhibition, although crude leaf extracts have broader and composition-dependent actions. Different plant parts and commercial preparations are not pharmacologically interchangeable, and annonacin content varies substantially between products. Primary mechanisms (ranked):
Bioavailability / PK relevance: Human pharmacokinetic characterization of Graviola extracts and individual acetogenins remains inadequate. Annonacin is lipophilic, and animal studies demonstrate systemic distribution and penetration into brain tissue, which is clinically relevant to its neurotoxicity signal. Commercial leaf preparations show substantial variation in annonacin concentration and acetogenin composition, preventing reliable conversion of a labeled mass of leaf extract into a defined systemic acetogenin exposure. In-vitro vs systemic exposure relevance: Most anticancer evidence derives from concentrated extracts or isolated acetogenins tested directly against cultured tumor cells. Comparable free concentrations in human tumors following oral Graviola supplementation have not been established. Therefore, concentrations producing cytotoxicity in vitro cannot presently be assumed to be systemically achievable or safe. This exposure uncertainty is especially important because mitochondrial complex I inhibition is not tumor-specific and is also a mechanistic basis for annonacin neurotoxicity. Clinical evidence status: Predominantly preclinical, with limited small-human evidence. A small randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study in 30 colorectal-cancer patients used 300 mg/day of an ethanol-soluble A. muricata leaf fraction for 8 weeks and reported biological/ex-vivo cytotoxicity outcomes rather than established tumor-response or survival efficacy. Additional observational human studies exist, including combination products, but they do not establish Graviola as an effective cancer therapy. No regulatory authority has approved Graviola or annonacin as an anticancer treatment. A major translation constraint is chronic neurotoxicity: epidemiologic and experimental evidence links substantial Annonaceae exposure and annonacin-mediated complex I inhibition with atypical parkinsonism/neurodegenerative injury. Graviola Cancer-Relevant Mechanisms
TSF: P: 0–30 min R: 30 min–3 hr G: >3 hr |
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| Risk: by definition reduces risk of disease or cancer. Down Target direction of risk indicates lower cancer risk. ChemoPreventive also mean lower cancer risk. But for Chemopreventive an up arrow indicates more preventive.
Cancer Risk Impact Score (CRIS)
CRIS scale:
–5 = very strong risk reduction
–4 = strong risk reduction
–3 = moderate risk reduction
–2 = modest risk reduction
–1 = weak / context-dependent
0 = neutral
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| 7334- | Gra, | Annonaceae Consumption Worsens Disease Severity and Cognitive Deficits in Degenerative Parkinsonism |
| - | in-vivo, | Park, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:% IllCat:% CanType:% Cells:% prod#:92 Target#:785 State#:% Dir#:%
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