Database Query Results : Propolis -bee glue, , cognitive

PBG, Propolis -bee glue: Click to Expand ⟱
Features: Compound
Brazilian Green Propolis often considered best
• Derived from Baccharis dracunulifolia, this type is rich in artepillin C.
• It has been widely researched for its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
-Propolis common researched flavonoids :chrysin, pinocembrin, galangin, pinobanksin(Pinocembrin)
-most representative phenolic acids were caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid, as well as their derivatives, DMCA and caffeic acid prenyl, benzyl, phenylethyl (CAPE), and cinnamyl esters
-One of the most studied active compounds of a poplar-type propolis is caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE)
-caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), galangin, chrysin, nemorosone, propolin G, artepillin C, cardanol, pinocembrin, pinobanksin, chicoric acid, and phenolic acids (caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and coumaric acid), as well as luteolin, apigenin, myricetin, naringenin, kaempferol, quercetin, polysaccharides, tannins, terpenes, sterols, and aldehydes -content highly variable based on location and extraction
Two main factors of interest:
1. affects interstitual fluild pH
2. high concentration raises ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), while low concentration may reduce ROS

- Artepillin-C (major phenolic compounds found in Brazilian green propolis (BGP))
- caffeic acid major source

Propolis is chemically diverse (300+ compounds reported) and composition depends on botanical/geographic source.
Antibacterial activity is documented in classic literature (often stronger against Gram+).
CAPE from propolis has reported preferential tumor cytotoxicity in early landmark work (often cited in antimicrobial paper references)

Do not combine with 2DG

Pathways:
-Propolis compounds (e.g., artepillin C, caffeic acid phenethyl ester [CAPE]) can trigger apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells.
-Propolis has been shown to inhibit NF‑κB activation.
-Propolis extracts can cause cell cycle arrest at specific checkpoints (e.g., G0/G1 or G2/M phases).
-Enhance the body’s antitumor immune responses, for example by activating natural killer (NK) cells and modulating cytokine profiles.

-Note half-life no standard, high variablity of content.
BioAv poor water solubility, and low oral bioavailability.
Pathways:
- high concentration may induce ROS production, while low concentrations mya low it. This may apply to both normal and cancer cells. Normal Cells Example. (Also not sure if high level are acheivable in vivo due to bioavailability)
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, UPR↑, GRP78↑, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓, Prx,
SOD↓, GSH↓ Catalase↓ HO1↓ GPx↓ -->
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : NLRP3↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, IGF-1↓, uPA↓, VEGF↓, ROCK1↓, FAK↓, RhoA↓, NF-κB↓, TGF-β↓, α-SMA↓, ERK↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : HDAC↓, P53↑,
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TNF-α↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓, TOP1↓, TET1,
- inhibits glycolysis /Warburg Effect and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, GLUT1↓, LDH↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, PFKs↓, PDKs↓, GRP78↑, GlucoseCon↓
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, STAT↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK,
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,

- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 ROS / redox stress (context-selective) Often ↑ ROS / oxidative stress susceptibility (P→R→G) Often antioxidant / cytoprotective in inflammatory stress contexts (R→G) P, R, G Stress amplifier / selectivity gate Net ROS direction is highly context- and extract-dependent; propolis chemistry varies by geography/plant source and can shift redox behavior.
2 NF-κB inflammatory transcription ↓ NF-κB activity (R→G) Anti-inflammatory signaling in immune/tissue contexts (R→G) R, G Anti-inflammatory / anti-survival transcription A common “hub” claim across propolis literature; contributes to reduced cytokine/pro-survival programs.
3 Intrinsic apoptosis (mitochondria → caspases) ↑ apoptosis; ↑ caspase activation (G) ↔ (usually less activation) G Cell death execution Often downstream of sustained stress signaling and/or survival pathway suppression.
4 MAPK re-wiring (ERK / p38 / JNK) Stress MAPK shifts; JNK/p38 often ↑ with stress (P→R); ERK variable ↔ / context-dependent P, R, G Signal reprogramming MAPK directions depend on extract composition, dose, and tumor type; best described as “re-wiring” rather than fixed arrows for ERK.
5 PI3K → AKT (± mTOR) ↓ PI3K/AKT survival signaling (R→G) ↔ R, G Growth/survival suppression Often reported alongside reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis susceptibility.
6 Nrf2 / antioxidant response (HO-1, GSH enzymes) Context-dependent (may be ↓ in tumor-stress settings; may be ↑ as adaptation) Often ↑ protective antioxidant response under stress R, G Adaptive buffering Nrf2 direction is not universal; avoid absolute “Nrf2 always ↑/↓” statements for propolis.
7 Angiogenesis (VEGF and related factors) ↓ angiogenic signaling outputs (G) ↔ G Anti-angiogenic support Usually shows up in later gene-expression / phenotype assays rather than early signaling.
8 EMT / invasion / migration (MMPs, EMT markers) ↓ EMT / ↓ migration & invasion programs (G) ↔ G Anti-invasive phenotype Often measured as reduced MMP activity and reduced migration/invasion phenotypes; timing tends to be later.
9 Antimicrobial / microbiome-relevant effects Indirect (may reduce infection-driven inflammation) Direct antimicrobial activity (context) R, G Host-protective / anti-infective Propolis has documented antibacterial activity (stronger vs many Gram+ than Gram− in classic reports), which can matter for inflammation-linked biology.
10 Key bioactives (CAPE; flavonoids/phenolics) CAPE-class compounds: tumor-selective cytotoxicity reported (G) ↔ G “Active fraction” concept Propolis is a mixture; effects may be driven by a few high-impact phenolics (e.g., CAPE) and vary by extract standardization.

Time-Scale Flag (TSF): P / R / G

  • P: 0–30 min (primary/physical–chemical effects; rapid signaling / phosphorylation shifts)
  • R: 30 min–3 hr (redox signaling + acute stress-response signaling)
  • G: >3 hr (gene-regulatory adaptation and phenotype-level outcomes)
cognitive, cognitive: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Cognitive


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
3249- PBG,    Can Propolis Be a Useful Adjuvant in Brain and Neurological Disorders and Injuries? A Systematic Scoping Review of the Latest Experimental Evidence
- Review, Var, NA
*Inflam↓, ropolis was consistently demonstrated to reduce the expression of inflammatory and oxidative markers such as malonaldehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)
*ROS↓,
*MDA↓,
*TNF-α↓,
*NO↓,
*iNOS↓,
*SOD↑, while increasing and maintaining antioxidant parameters, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione (GSH)
*GPx↑,
*GSR↓,
*GSH↑,
*neuroP↑, neuroprotective effect of propolis was also demonstrated in terms of alleviating symptoms associated with aneurysm, ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion and traumatic brain injuries.
*IL6↓, Propolis reduced the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and iNOS
*MMP2↓,
*MMP9↓,
*MCP1↓,
*HSP70/HSPA5↑, while increasing the expression of protective proteins such as heat shock protein-70 (hsp70)
*motorD↑, significantly ameliorate the impairment of sensory–motor and other physical indices in animals subjected to these injuries
*Pain↓, Unsurprisingly, propolis was shown to be effective in attenuating symptoms of neuroinflammation, pain, and oxidative stress.
*VCAM-1↓, consistently shown to reduce inflammation markers such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-
*NF-kB↓,
*MAPK↓,
*JNK↓,
*IL1β↓, It also reduced the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α
*AChE↓, propolis inhibited the activity of both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in a dose-dependent manner
*toxicity∅, Kalia et al. (2014) observed no cytotoxicity in organs, including the brain of normal mice fed up to 1000 mg propolis extract/ kg body weight.
cognitive↑, figure 4

4218- PBG,    The Neuroprotective Effects of Brazilian Green Propolis on Neurodegenerative Damage in Human Neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells
- in-vitro, Nor, SH-SY5Y - in-vitro, AD, NA
*cognitive↑, Brazilian green propolis (propolis) improves the cognitive functions of mild cognitive impairment patients living at high altitude
*ROS↓, propolis significantly reduced the H2O2-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from mitochondria and 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG, the DNA oxidative damage marker)
*BDNF↑, propolis significantly upregulated BDNF mRNA expression in time- and dose-dependent manners.
*neuroP↑, propolis protects from the neurodegenerative damage in neurons through the properties of various antioxidants.
*antiOx↑,


* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 2

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Functional Outcomes ⓘ

cognitive↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 1

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↑, 1,   GSR↓, 1,   MDA↓, 1,   ROS↓, 2,   SOD↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

iNOS↓, 1,   JNK↓, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

HSP70/HSPA5↑, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

MMP2↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 1,   VCAM-1↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

NO↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

IL1β↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 1,   MCP1↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

AChE↓, 1,   BDNF↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

IL6↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

cognitive↑, 1,   motorD↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 2,   Pain↓, 1,   toxicity∅, 1,  
Total Targets: 29

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: cognitive, cognitive
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:137  Target#:557  State#:%  Dir#:%
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