Hydrogen Gas / chemoP Cancer Research Results

H2, Hydrogen Gas: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Hydrogen Gas, Powerful Antioxidant
Mechanistically, H₂ is most defensibly framed as a selective antioxidant + anti-inflammatory signaling modulator (often via Nrf2↑ and NF-κB↓ / NLRP3↓), with strongest clinical relevance in oncology being reduction of treatment toxicities (radiation/CCRT side-effects), with mixed/early evidence for direct anticancer effects.

1.Antioxidant and Nrf2/ARE Pathway: activate Nrf2, which induces antioxidant enzymes.
2.NF-κB Pathway: reported to inhibit NF-κB activation, thereby reducing inflammatory cytokine production
3.Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway
4.MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases) Pathway
5.PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway
6.Inflammatory Cytokine Signaling: Reducing cytokines (such as IL-6, TNF-α)
7.p53 Pathway
8.Autophagy Pathways: might regulate autophagy, (dual roles in cancer)

Example unit sometimes used in studies
Example Canadian Supplier

Hydrogen gas can be generated in small amount by hydrogenase of certain members of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota from unabsorbed carbohydrates in the intestine through degradation and metabolism, which then is partially diffused into blood flow and released and detected in exhaled breath, indicating its potential to serve as a biomarker.

Many studies have shown that H2 therapy can reduce oxidative stress. This, however, contradicts radiation therapy and chemotherapy, in which ROS are required to induce apoptosis and combat cancer. Yet many studies show chemoprotective and radioprotective and some even show chemosentizing
Nevertheless there are some papers claiming ROS ↑ for cancer cells

Hydrogen Gas in Water is also used.
- the amount of H2 dissolved in solutions is limited: up to 0.8 mM (1.6 mg/L) H2 can be dissolved in water under atmospheric pressure at room temperature


Hydrogen Gas — molecular hydrogen (H₂) is a small, neutral diatomic gas investigated as a therapeutic medical gas and redox-signaling modulator. It rapidly diffuses across biological membranes and can be administered by inhalation or indirectly as hydrogen-rich water (HRW), hydrogen-rich saline, or hydrogen-releasing materials. H₂ is best classified as an experimental therapeutic gas rather than a conventional antioxidant drug. Standard abbreviations are H₂ for molecular hydrogen and HRW for hydrogen-rich water. Endogenous H₂ is also produced by intestinal microbial fermentation. Its biological effects appear to involve modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial function, cell-death signaling, and immune metabolism rather than indiscriminate ROS scavenging alone.

Primary mechanisms (ranked):

  1. Redox modulation and selective suppression of highly damaging oxidative/nitrosative stress, with secondary NRF2-dependent antioxidant adaptation.
  2. Suppression of inflammatory signaling, particularly NF-κB and associated cytokine pathways.
  3. Mitochondrial and metabolic modulation, including preservation or remodeling of mitochondrial bioenergetics and PGC-1α-linked signaling.
  4. Immune modulation, including reported restoration of metabolically exhausted CD8+ T-cell function in cancer.
  5. Context-dependent regulation of tumor-cell ROS, apoptosis, pyroptosis, differentiation, proliferation, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling.
  6. Protection of normal tissues from chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-associated oxidative and inflammatory injury.

Bioavailability / PK relevance: H₂ has unusually rapid tissue diffusion because of its very small, nonpolar structure, but tissue exposure is transient because hydrogen is rapidly redistributed and exhaled. Inhalation provides continuing systemic exposure during administration, whereas HRW delivers a comparatively small finite H₂ dose that falls rapidly after preparation and ingestion. At approximately atmospheric pressure and room temperature, water saturation is only about 1.6 mg/L H₂, approximately 0.8 mmol/L. Biological efficacy therefore depends strongly on route, concentration, treatment duration, and proximity of H₂ generation to the target tissue.

In-vitro vs systemic exposure relevance: H₂ does not behave like a conventional concentration-maintained small-molecule drug. Gas-equilibrated cell culture can provide sustained H₂ exposure that is difficult to reproduce with a single oral dose of HRW. Conversely, inhalation can continuously replenish dissolved H₂ during treatment. Results from prolonged gas-equilibrated cultures, high-pressure systems, or locally generated H₂ nanomaterials should therefore not automatically be extrapolated to ordinary hydrogen-water exposure.

Clinical evidence status: Small human studies and randomized adjunctive trials exist, but H₂ is not an established anticancer therapy. The most credible oncology application currently is supportive treatment during chemotherapy or radiotherapy. A 2025 randomized study in cervical-cancer patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy reported reduced acute radiation enteritis and inflammatory responses with adjunctive H₂/O₂ inhalation without an apparent reduction in tumor-control efficacy. Direct antitumor evidence remains predominantly preclinical, observational, or derived from small uncontrolled cancer cohorts. Trials of HRW during glioma radiochemotherapy and other indications remain exploratory. H₂ should therefore be classified as experimental adjunct/supportive therapy rather than standalone cancer treatment.

Hydrogen Gas Cancer-Relevant Mechanisms

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 Redox and reactive oxygen species regulation ROS ↑ or ↓ (model-dependent) Excess ROS ↓; oxidative damage ↓ P, R Redox modulation H₂ should not be treated as a simple universal ROS scavenger. Normal-tissue studies predominantly show reduced oxidative injury, whereas some tumor models paradoxically show ROS ↑ and ROS-dependent tumor cell death.
2 NRF2 antioxidant stress response NRF2 ↔ or ↑ (context-dependent) NRF2 ↑; HO-1 ↑; SOD ↑; GSH-associated defenses ↑ R, G Adaptive antioxidant signaling NRF2 activation is mechanistically important mainly for cytoprotection and stress adaptation rather than as a consistent direct anticancer mechanism.
3 NF-κB inflammatory signaling NF-κB ↓ (context-dependent) NF-κB ↓; inflammatory injury ↓ R, G Anti-inflammatory signaling Frequently accompanied by IL-6 ↓, TNF-α ↓ and IL-1β ↓. This pathway is particularly relevant to normal-tissue protection during inflammatory injury and cancer therapy.
4 Mitochondrial bioenergetics and PGC-1α Mitochondrial function ↑ in exhausted immune cells; tumor response model-dependent Mitochondrial damage ↓; ATP homeostasis ↑ R, G Bioenergetic remodeling H₂ can improve mitochondrial resilience. In cancer, an important proposed mechanism is metabolic restoration of exhausted antitumor lymphocytes rather than direct mitochondrial poisoning of tumor cells.
5 CD8 T-cell exhaustion and antitumor immunity Indirect tumor suppression ↑ CD8+ T-cell metabolic fitness ↑ G Immune restoration Clinical observations in colorectal and lung cancer suggest restoration of exhausted CD8+ T-cell function, including mitochondrial and CoQ10-associated effects. Evidence remains preliminary.
6 PI3K Akt mTOR proliferative signaling PI3K ↓; p-Akt ↓; mTOR signaling ↓ (model-dependent) ↔ or context-dependent G Growth suppression Reported particularly in experimental colorectal-cancer models. This is not yet established as a reproducible systemic mechanism in patients.
7 NLRP3 caspase-1 GSDMD pyroptosis ROS ↑; NLRP3 ↑; caspase-1 ↑; GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis ↑ (model-dependent) NLRP3 commonly ↓ during inflammatory injury R, G Context-dependent inflammatory cell death An important example of opposite modulation by biological context. H₂ induced ROS-dependent NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in an endometrial-cancer model, whereas normal-tissue inflammatory models commonly show NLRP3 suppression.
8 Tumor proliferation and differentiation Proliferation ↓; differentiation ↑ (model-dependent) Generally ↔ G Tumor phenotype modulation Glioblastoma models report differentiation of glioma stem-like cells and reduced tumor growth. Generalization to other cancers is uncertain.
9 Angiogenesis and hypoxic signaling HIF-1α ↓; VEGF ↓ (model-dependent) VEGF responses mixed G Angiogenic suppression Preclinical evidence suggests inhibition in selected tumor models but does not establish a general antiangiogenic clinical effect.
10 Glycolytic metabolism HK2 ↓; PFK ↓; glycolysis ↓; lactate production ↓ (model-dependent) ↔ or context-dependent G Metabolic growth restriction Reported in selected experimental cancer systems and should remain secondary until replicated across models.
11 Chemosensitization Therapeutic response ↑ in selected models Chemotherapy-associated organ injury ↓ G Adjunctive treatment modulation H₂ has produced both chemoprotective normal-tissue effects and occasional tumor chemosensitization. Protection of normal tissues should not be interpreted as established protection of tumors.
12 Radiotherapy tissue protection Tumor control apparently ↔ in limited human data Radiation-associated oxidative and inflammatory injury ↓ R, G Supportive radioprotection A randomized cervical-cancer study reported reduced acute radiation enteritis during chemoradiotherapy without evidence of compromised short-term antitumor efficacy. Larger confirmation is required.
13 Clinical Translation Constraint Direct anticancer efficacy unproven Generally well tolerated in studied protocols G Exposure and evidence limitation H₂ exposure varies substantially with inhaled concentration, flow, duration, HRW concentration, storage, and delivery technology. Gas mixtures containing high H₂ concentrations require engineered control because hydrogen is flammable and explosive in air. No standardized oncology dose or approved anticancer indication exists.

P: 0–30 min     R: 30 min–3 hr     G: >3 hr



Hydrogen Gas and Alzheimer’s disease: Molecular hydrogen has substantial preclinical neuroprotective evidence and limited early human evidence in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment. Proposed mechanisms include oxidative-stress suppression, neuroinflammation reduction, mitochondrial protection, BDNF-related signaling, and reductions in Aβ/BACE-associated pathology and tau phosphorylation. H₂ readily diffuses into the CNS, making delivery biologically plausible, but clinical evidence remains insufficient to classify it as a disease-modifying AD treatment.

Clinical evidence status: Preclinical evidence is extensive relative to the small clinical literature. Human studies include an open-label inhalation pilot in AD, a single-arm biomarker study, and a randomized hydrogen-rich-water study in mild cognitive impairment. Reported cognitive or biomarker improvements are hypothesis-generating; adequately powered randomized trials with validated AD endpoints are still needed.

Hydrogen Gas Alzheimer-Relevant Mechanisms

Rank Pathway / Axis Modulation TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 Oxidative and mitochondrial stress ROS ↓; lipid oxidation ↓; mitochondrial damage ↓ P, R Neuroprotection One of the most consistently reproduced effects in experimental neurodegeneration models.
2 Neuroinflammatory signaling NF-κB ↓; IL-1β ↓; IL-6 ↓; TNF-α ↓ R, G Neuroinflammation suppression Likely interconnected with redox and glial responses.
3 NRF2 antioxidant response NRF2 ↑; HO-1 ↑; endogenous antioxidant defenses ↑ R, G Cellular stress resistance Secondary adaptive mechanism rather than simple chemical radical scavenging.
4 Amyloid beta and BACE signaling Aβ ↓; BACE-associated processing ↓ (model-dependent) G Amyloid pathology reduction Demonstrated mainly in experimental models; human disease-modifying evidence is not established.
5 Tau phosphorylation p-tau ↓ (model-dependent) G Tau pathology attenuation Supported primarily by animal and experimental hydrogen-delivery studies.
6 BDNF and neuronal plasticity BDNF ↑; neuronal plasticity ↑ G Cognitive and synaptic support Reported across several neurologic injury models and investigated as a biomarker in human inhalation studies.
7 NLRP3 inflammasome NLRP3 ↓ R, G Microglial inflammatory suppression Potential connection between oxidative stress, innate immune activation, and neurodegeneration.
8 Cognition and memory Memory ↑; cognitive performance ↑ (model-dependent) G Functional outcome Robust in several animal paradigms but human trials remain small and heterogeneous.
9 Clinical Translation Constraint Evidence insufficient for established AD treatment G Clinical evidence limitation Existing human studies are small, often uncontrolled, or use surrogate endpoints. Optimal concentration, inhalation duration, treatment schedule, and long-term efficacy remain unresolved.

P: 0–30 min     R: 30 min–3 hr     G: >3 hr
chemoP, ChemoProtective: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Protects normal cells against the effect of Chemo.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
7482- H2,    Molecular Hydrogen Therapy: Mechanisms, Delivery Methods, Preventive, and Therapeutic Application
- Review, Var, NA - Review, IBD, NA - Review, Stroke, NA - Review, Sepsis, NA - Review, AD, NA
Dose↝, H2 can be administered exogenously and is also produced endogenously within the intestinal tract.
*Inflam↓, Anti‐Inflammatory Effect
*IL1β↓, diabetes combined with stroke, H₂ intervention downregulates the expression levels of proinflammatory factors (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α), while activating the TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway to achieve neuroprotective effects
*IL6↓,
*TNF-α↓,
*neuroP↑,
*mTOR↓, sepsis model, H₂ regulates macrophage polarization (inhibiting the M1 phenotype/promoting the M2 phenotype) and inhibits (mTOR) phosphorylation, reducing the release of inflammatory mediators such as IL‐6, TNF‐α, and HMG
*IL10↑, while increasing the levels of anti‐inflammatory factors IL‐10 and Transforming Growth Factor‐beta (TGF‐β)
*TGF-β↑,
*Sepsis↓,
*NRF2↑, whereas Nrf2 induction suppresses these pathways via redox homeostasis modulation
*antiOx↑, figure 1
*Catalase↑,
*SOD↑,
*GPx↑,
*ROS↓, H₂ mediates ROS regulation through Nrf2, inhibiting NF‐κB/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and achieving an antioxidant–anti‐inflammatory synergistic effect
*HO-1↑, H2 can increase the expression of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) or activate the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K)–Akt signaling pathway to improve liver I/R injury
*PI3K↑,
*Akt↑,
*hepatoP↑,
*MPO↓, reduce myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and IL‐1β/TNF‐α levels to alleviate myocardial injury
*cardioP↑,
CDK4↓, Studies have demonstrated that H2 inhibits CDK4 and CDK6 to restrict lung cancer progression
CDK6↑,
CD47↓, H₂ can reverse immune escape in lung cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of CD47 and activating the apoptosis program
PI3K↓, H2 promotes apoptosis by downregulating Akt phosphorylation and inhibiting the PI3K signaling pathway in non‐small cell lung cancer.
Akt↓,
Hif1a↓, inhalation of H2 suppresses Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor 1 Alpha Subunit (HIF‐1α)/NF‐κB signaling pathway activation and promotes apoptosis in HeLa cells
selectivity↑, This bidirectional regulatory capability allows H₂ to protect normal tissues from excessive apoptosis (such as inflammation‐induced cell death) while selectively inducing apoptosis in tumor cells.
*MMP↑, howed that after treating septic rats with HRS, the decline in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP content was improved.
*ATP↑,
*ER Stress↓, H₂ alleviated inflammation and organ damage by inhibiting ER stress and activating the autophagy pathway in septic mice
*CHOP/DDIT3↓, H2 could downregulate the expression of CHOP, caspase‐12, and GRP78, while inhibiting p38 and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, and upregulating the LC3‐II/I ratio
*Casp12↓,
*GRP78/BiP↓,
*p38↓,
*p‑JNK↓,
*LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑,
*p‑eIF2α↓, HRW prevents IBD in mice by reducing levels of p‐eIF2α, ATF4, XBP1, and CHOP, key proteins in ER stress.
*ATF4↓,
*XBP-1↓,
*Imm↑, H₂ exhibit multidimensional characteristics, primarily enhancing immunity by protecting immune organs,
*IFN-γ↓, H2 treatment inhibited several T‐cell effector molecules, such as IFN‐γ, IL‐4, and GZMB
*IL4↓,
*GranB/GZMB↓,
NK cell↑, After inhaling H₂ for 2 weeks, patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer showed significant improvement in T‐cell exhaustion. (NK) subgroups was higher than the pretreatment percentag
radioP↑, HRS can protect against radiation‐induced immune dysfunction by restoring the number of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells in the spleen.
*CD4+↑,
CD8+↑,
*Dose↝, Common delivery methods include inhalation, oral administration of HRW, injection of HRS, promotion of endogenous H2 production
*other↑, H2, which fall within the explosive range at concentrations ranging from 4 to 74%, it is essential to specify the concentration of H2 for inhalation therapy.
*Dose↝, China National Health Commission recommends the administration of oxygen–H2 mixture (33.3% O2 and 66.6% H2)
*antiPs↑, HRW baths exhibit inhibitory effects on inflammation and oxidative stress while demonstrating therapeutic benefits for conditions such as psoriasis
*BioAv↝, the solubility of H2 in water at room temperature and pressure is limited to a maximum of 0.8mM109, resulting in limited efficacy when orally administered.
*GutMicro↑, inhalation of H2 modulates the gut flora to ameliorate acute alcoholic liver injury. H2 altered the composition of the GM, leading to an increase in the relative abundance of Mycobacterium anisopliae and Mycobacterium thickum
Dose↝, CRC cell lines (ROK/SW480/HCT116) and xenograft mouse models,Inhalation of 66% H2 (66% H2 and 33% O2);Duration: 2 h a day for 21 days
*IBI↑, orally administered silicon H2 nanoparticles (SiH NPs) for targeted scavenging of ROS at inflammatory sites, thereby alleviating symptoms of IBD and restoring GM diversity by enhancing the abundance of beneficial bacteria.
TumCP↓, H2 inhibits tumor cell activity, proliferation, invasion, and migration through various molecular mechanisms, in a manner that depends on both dose and time.
TumCI↓,
TumCMig↓,
CD8+↑, H2 Improves Prognosis by Restoring Depleted CD8+ T Cells in Patients with CRC Cancer
PGC-1α↑, It has been shown that H2 can activate PGC‐1α to restore mitochondrial function and rescue depleted CD8+T cells
Akt↓, H2 Inhibits CRC Cell Proliferation by Suppressing the AKT/SCD1 Pathway
SCD1↓,
*MDA↓, The results showed that H2 water alone significantly improved detected antioxidant markers (SOD and CAT) and reduced MDA levels.
eff↑, combination of H2 water and 5‐fluorouracil significantly attenuated MDA levels more effectively than 5‐fluorouracil alone
*APP↓, H2 gas significantly inhibited the overexpression of APP, BACE1, and sAP, thereby reducing Aβ production.
*BACE/β-secretase↓,
*Aβ↓,
*cognitive↑, This intervention effectively halted the progression of AD, alleviating cognitive impairment, synaptic deficits, and neuronal death
*neuroP↑, regulation of GM(gutmicrobiome) by HRW considered a key mechanism underlying its neuroprotective effects.
NP/CIPN↓, mice with chemotherapy‐induced neuropathic pain caused by oxaliplatin, drinking HRW significantly reduced inflammation by inhibiting the LPS–TLR4 pathway and decreasing the expression of TNF‐α and IL‐6.
*Stroke↓, inhalation of 2% H2 gas significantly reduced levels of myocardial injury markers, such as creatine kinase‐MB and cardiac troponin‐T, while protecting myocardial tissue from further damage by inhibiting autophagy.
*NLRP3↓, daily inhalation of 2% H2 gas for 3 h over 28 days effectively suppressed the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, reduced cardiac fibrosis, and improved cardiac function
*ALAT↓, 4% H2 outperforming 67% H2 in reducing liver enzyme levels Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and lipid accumulation.
*AST↓,
*LPS↓, inhalation of 4% H2 in an NAFLD rat model significantly lowered plasma LPS levels, inhibited the LPS/TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway to reduce liver inflammation
*hepatoP↑, drinking HRW, indicating its hepatoprotective effects
chemoP↑, injecting HRS in rats effectively reduced ALT and AST levels caused by doxorubicin, decreased ROS and MDA production, and regulated the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio to alleviate inflammation and apoptosis.
*creat↓, mouse model of kidney injury induced by a high‐oxalate diet, HRW consumption markedly improved serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and kidney injury markers such as kidney injury molecule‐1 (KIM‐1)
*Urea↓,
*RenoP↑,
*eff↑, higher concentrations of H2 gas (67%) produced more pronounced improvements in kidney histology and morphology compared with lower concentrations (4%)
Apoptosis↑, H2 gas increased apoptosis in A549 cells while reducing the expression of XIAP and BIRC3 proteins in studies on A549 cells and their nude mouse models.
XIAP↓,
IAP2/BIRC3↓,
TumVol↓, inhalation of 60% H2 gas significantly reduced tumor volume in experimental mice
MALAT1↓, In gastric cancer research, Zhu et al. [10] found that H2 gas downregulated the expression of lncRNA MALAT1 and EZH2 while upregulating miR‐124‐3p
EZH2↓,
miR-124-3p↓,
eff↑, combining platinum nanocolloid (Pt‐nc) with H2 gas effectively inhibited the growth of human promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells
ChemoSen↑, combining H2 therapy with conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, demonstrating improved efficacy and reduced side effects
*compII↑, allergic airway inflammation, showing that H2 increased ATP production as well as the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and III
*compIII↑,
*LDL↓, H2‐enriched water in humans, showing that supplementation with H2‐enriched water appeared to reduce serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels,
*Obesity↓, H2 may play a beneficial role in the prevention of potential metabolic syndrome
QoL↑, 82 patients with stage III and IV cancers receiving H2 inhalation therapy. They found that H2 inhalation improved the quality of life
PFS↑, Sixteen months of follow‐up found that progression‐free survival in the control group was lower than that in the H2 inhalation group alone, and significantly lower than that in the other three combination therapy groups.

7483- H2,  Cisplatin,    Molecular hydrogen attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by modulating β-hydroxybutyrate metabolism
- in-vivo, Nor, HK-2
RenoP↑, H2 inhalation significantly attenuated cisplatin-induced kidney injury by reducing inflammation and apoptosis in renal tissue.
BHB↑, H2 upregulated the ketone body metabolic pathway, particularly enhancing β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HOB) synthesis via increased expression of the ketogenic enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2).
HMGCS2↑,
chemoP↑, Molecular hydrogen confers protection against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by modulating β-HOB metabolism through upregulation of HMGCS2, thereby suppressing renal inflammation and apoptosis.
*IL2↓, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α in kidney tissue. Levels of these proinflammatory mediators were significantly elevated following cisplatin treatment. H2 inhalation significantly suppressed these cytokines,
*IL6↓,
*MCP1/CCL2↓,
*TNF-α↓,
*KeyT↝, H2 upregulated HMGCS2 to enhance ketone body metabolism
*Inflam↓, H2 has been demonstrated protective effects in various inflammatory and oxidative stress-related conditions
*ROS↓,
*MMP↑, Several studies have shown that H2 can preserve mitochondrial membrane potential, boost ATP generation, and improve mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis by activating pathways such as mitofusin-2 (Mfn2) and PGC-1α
*ATP↑,
*MFN2↑,
*PGC-1α↑,
*BUN↓, Our work confirmed that H2 inhalation significantly ameliorated cisplatin-induced histological damage, elevated BUN and creatinine levels, renal inflammation, and tubular apoptosis.
*creat↓,

7492- H2,  Chemo,    Molecular Hydrogen Protects against Various Tissue Injuries from Side Effects of Anticancer Drugs by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
- Review, Var, NA
*ROS↓, reduces reactive oxygen species, which have very strong oxidative capacity, and indirectly exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory
*antiOx↑,
*Inflam↓,
*chemoP↑, Our comprehensive literature review revealed that H2 protects against tissue injuries induced by cisplatin, oxaliplatin, doxorubicin, bleomycin, and gefitinib.
AntiCan↑, Animal and clinical studies showed that H2 itself exhibits anticancer activity, and its combination with anticancer drugs achieved excellent anticancer activity
ChemoSen↑,
chemoP↑, Our literature review revealed that H2 reduced the side effects of CIS-induced nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and ovarian injury, CIS- or OXA-induced peripheral neuropathy, DXR-induced cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, and BLM- or GEF-induced lung inj
*BUN↓, CIS Nephrotoxicity BUN ↓, Creatinine ↓, TUNEL ↓
*creat↓,
*TUNEL↓,
*MDA↓, CIS Ototoxicity MDA ↓, 8-iso-PGF2α ↓
*SOD↑, CIS Ovarian injury SOD ↑, CAT ↑, MDA ↓, Nrf2 ↑
*Catalase↑,
*NRF2↑,
*BNP↓, DXR Cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity BNP ↓, AST ↓, ALT ↓, ROS ↓, MDA ↓, TNF-α ↓, IL-1β ↓, IL-6 ↓, TUNEL ↓, Bax/Bcl-2 ↓, Caspase-3 ↓, Caspase-8 ↓
*AST↓,
*ALAT↓,
*TNF-α↓,
*IL1β↓,
*IL6↓,
*Casp3↓,
*Casp9↓,
*GPx↑, BLM Lung injury ROS ↓, MDA ↓ TGF-β1 ↓,TNF-α ↓, GSH-PX ↑, E-cadherin ↑, Vimentin ↓, α-SMA ↓, Collagen I ↓
*E-cadherin↑,
*Vim↓,
*α-SMA↓,
*COL1↓,
*cardioP↑, H2 ameliorated DXR-induced cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity by attenuating inflammation and apoptosis.
*hepatoP↑,
*p‑mTOR↓, decreased the phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) to mTOR
*EMT↓, H2 gas also inhibited BLM-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by increasing the expression level of the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin and decreasing that of the mesenchymal cell marker vimentin [
eff∅, On the other hand, H2 did not impair the anticancer effects of GEF in in vitro experiments on lung cancer cell lines or in in vivo experiments on carcinoma-bearing mice
*LPS↓, figure 2
*TLR4↓,
radioP↑, radioprotective effects of H2 have also been reported in many in vitro and in vivo studies, and clinical trials recently showed that the inhalation of H2 gas mitigated decreases in quality of life and bone marrow damage associated with radiation [

7489- H2,    Molecular Hydrogen in the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases
- Review, Asthma, NA
*antiOx↑, Molecular hydrogen is gaining increasing attention as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic agent.
*Inflam↓,
*Apoptosis↓,
*Dose↓, It reaches a maximum level of about 0.78 mM (≈1.6 mg/L) at room temperature with a loss of about 2–5% per 3 min
*Dose↝, It is produced (and consumed) by bacteria of the gut microbiota .The most prominent bacterial phyla involved in this process are the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla, which include the anaerobic Clostridium species
*eff↑, hydrogen mixed with oxygen at a ratio of 96%-to-4%, known as the Hydrox gas mixture, was used by deep-sea divers to prevent decompression sickness and allow diving to depths of up to 500 m
*ROS↓, The antioxidant activity of H2 is based on two processes: a direct scavenging of the most toxic reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS),
*RNS↓,
*NRF2↑, H2 activates the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) pathway, a key transcription factor involved in oxidative stress-related responses, including cytoprotective, antioxidant, and detoxifying enzymes such as HO-1
*HO-1↑,
*Fenton↓, removal of free heme and inhibition of the Fenton reaction
*NLRP3↓, the activation of the Nrf2 pathway has been shown to inhibit the NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome,
*NADPH↓, H2 suppresses the activation of the NADPH oxidase pathway and downregulates the expression of NOX2 and NOX4
*NOX4↓,
*NOX↓,
*MPO↓, H2 has been shown to reduce the overactivation of myeloperoxidase (MPO)
*NF-kB↓, would further suppress the NFκB
*TNF-α↓, figure 3
*IL6↓,
*IL1β↓,
*HMGB1↓,
*IL4↑,
*IL10↑,
*M2 MC↑, Additionally, H2 promotes the polarization of macrophages from the proinflammatory M1 type to the anti-inflammatory M2 type
*Treg lymp↝, It also inhibits Th2 responses, restores regulatory T cells (Treg), and, thus, normalizes an overactivated immune system
*Bcl-2↑, upregulate the antiapoptotic factors, including Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl.
*Bcl-xL↑,
*PI3K↑, phenomenon is likely facilitated by the activation of the PI3K/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways
*Akt↑,
*JAK2↑,
*STAT3↑,
*Dose↑, The consumption of certain prebiotics, especially those rich in dietary fiber, indigestible starches, and sugars (lactulose), has been demonstrated to enhance intestinal H2 production through the activity of intestinal flora
*CD4+↑, H2 increased the population of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells, which are often decreased in allergic rhinitis (AR)
*CD25+↑,
*FOXP3↑,
*MDA↓, H2 administration attenuated oxidative stress expressed as lower MDA and other lipid peroxidation markers along with an enhancement in the expression and activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as SOD or CAT
*SOD↑,
*Catalase↑,
*Casp3↓, inhibition of proapoptotic processes like the caspase 3 and 9 pathways
*Casp9↓,
*TBARS↓, drinking of HRW by patients with asthma and COPD leads to an increase in blood oxygen saturation, vitamin E levels, along with lower oxidative stress markers such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), MDA,
*SpO2↑,
*VitE↓,
*OS↑, COPD:In general, H2 administration has been found to lead to enhanced survival and reduced weight loss [110], improved lung function and static lung compliance, and decreased arterial blood pressure
*Weight↑,
*DNAdam↓, reduction in levels of oxidative DNA damage markers
*PGE2↓, H2 reduced elevated inflammatory markers, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) [29,65,71,128,130], macrophage protein 1α 2 (MP1α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)
*MCP1/CCL2↓,
*lipid-P↓, Further, a reduction in oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation and proapoptotic markers, including Bax and caspase-3, was observed.
*TumCP↓, H2-rich medium reduced the colony size and formation of tongue cancer cells and decreased proliferation in human fibrosarcoma and esophageal cancer cells, as well as A549 cells
*tumCV↓, decrease in cell viability, migration, and invasion
*TumCMig↓,
*TumCI↓,
TumW↓, A reduction in tumor weight and size, as well as a lower number of cells of squamous cell carcinoma, was revealed by animal studies.
TumVol↓,
selectivity↑, Notably, as previously reported, H2 administration exhibited no effect on healthy animals or non-cancerous cell lines
QoL↑, Patients reported improved quality of life with better physical status and fewer pulmonary symptoms
ChemoSen↑, In combination with conventional (such as cis-platin) and modern (including antibodies like nivolumab) therapeutics, H2 enhanced drug activity, resulting in enhanced outcomes and improved disease control
chemoP↑, and reduced side effects of the treatment, such as nephrotoxicity, weight loss, insomnia, pain, or hearing loss in the case of radiotherapy
radioP↑, radioprotective effects of H2 are primarily attributed to its hydroxyl radical scavenging activity
ROS↑, As indicated by Yang et al., the latter include the activation of the ROS/NLRP3/caspase-3/gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic pathways
NLRP3↑,
Casp3↑,
VEGF↓, suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression
Wnt↓, H2 result in the suppression of the overactivated Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways, which further leads to suppression of tumor progression
β-catenin/ZEB1↓,

2522- H2,    A Systematic Review of Molecular Hydrogen Therapy in Cancer Management
- Review, Var, NA
chemoP↑, H2 plays a promising therapeutic role as an independent therapy as well as an adjuvant in combination therapy, resulting in an overall improvement in survivability, quality of life, blood parameters, and tumour reduction.
OS↑,
QoL↑,
TumVol↑,
ROS↑, Hydrogen, the lightest element on the earth, is an effective antioxidant that has been shown to selectively reduce harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissues
AntiTum↑, Although H2 has demonstrated significant anti-tumoural effects, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated.
other↝, Many studies have shown that H2 therapy can reduce oxidative stress. This, however, contradicts radiation therapy and chemotherapy, in which ROS are required to induce apoptosis and combat cancer.

2521- H2,    Oxyhydrogen Gas: A Promising Therapeutic Approach for Lung, Breast and Colorectal Cancer
- Review, CRC, NA - Review, Lung, NA - Review, BC, NA
Inflam↑, Oxyhydrogen gas, a mixture of 66% molecular hydrogen (H2) and 33% molecular oxygen (O2) has shown exceptional promise as a novel therapeutic agent due to its ability to modulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
ROS↓, neutralises reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
ChemoSen↑, enhancing existing treatments and reducing harmful oxidative states in cancer cells. boosting the effectiveness of conventional therapies
p‑PI3K↓, inhibiting the PI3K/Akt phosphorylation cascade.
p‑Akt↓,
QoL↑, Similar results have been observed in breast cancer, where patients reported improved quality of life.
GutMicro↑, improves intestinal microflora dysbiosis.
chemoP↑, reduced oxidative stress and mitigated tissue damage, suggesting its potential as a cytoprotective agent in cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy or chemotherapy
radioP↑,
*NRF2↑, documented role in activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway.
*Catalase↑, consequently, hydrogen can enhance the expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), haem oxygenase (e.g., HO-1), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) [45]
*GPx↑,
*HO-1↑,
*SOD↑,
*TNF-α↓, reducing the expression of proinflammatory mediators such as chemokines (e.g., CXCL15), cytokines (e.g., TNF-α), interleukins (e.g., IL-4, IL-6)
*IL4↓,
*IL6↓,
ChemoSen↑, further research demonstrates that oxyhydrogen gas enhanced the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs, suggesting its potential as an adjuvant therapy
Appetite↑, inhaled oxyhydrogen gas over a minimum of 3 months. The results indicated substantial improvements in appetite, cognition, fatigue, pain, and sleeplessness
cognitive↑,
Pain↓,
Sleep↑,
other?, It is recommended that hydrogen should not exceed 4.6% in air or 4.1% by volume in pure oxygen gas (explosion risk)

2519- H2,    Hydrogen: an advanced and safest gas option for cancer treatment
- Review, Var, NA
antiOx↑, H2 has remarkable antioxidant and neuroprotective effects and other advantages
neuroP↓,
BBB↑, swift penetration ability to cross the blood–brain barrier
toxicity∅, H2 inhalation therapy has also been proposed in several countries as the safest mode of H2 administration
TumCP↓, A HeLa xenograft mouse model showed that H2 inhalation may increase the apoptosis rate, proliferation, and oxidative stress in HeLa cells
Apoptosis↓,
ROS↑,
Hif1a↓, H2 may affect tumor growth by regulating the expression of overexpressed subunits of transcription factors, such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and the nuclear factor-κB p65 subunit
NF-kB↓,
P53?, Hydrogen also increases the expression level of p53 tumor suppressor proteins.
OS↑, This study revealed that hydrogen gas inhalation 3 h/d can improve the prognosis and overall survival of stage IV colorectal carcinoma patients by decreasing the number of programmed cell death 1/CD8+ T cells
chemoP↑, H 2 anticancer therapy can minimize the debilitating side effects of conventional anticancer therapies by improving survival, quality of life, and blood parameters.

2516- H2,    Hydrogen Gas in Cancer Treatment
- Review, Var, NA
*Half-Life↓, Except the thigh muscle required a longer time to saturate, the other organs need 5–10 min to reach Cmax (maximum hydrogen concentration).
*ROS↓, regulate several key players in cancer, including ROS, and certain antioxidant enzymes
*selectivity↑, hydrogen gas could selectively scavenge the most cytotoxic ROS, •OH, as tested in an acute rat model of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion
*SOD↑, the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (48), heme oxyganase-1 (HO-1) (49), as well as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) (50), increased significantly, strengthening its potential in eliminating ROS.
*HO-1↑,
*NRF2↑,
*chemoP↑, reduce the adverse effects in cancer treatment while at the same time doesn't abrogate the cytotoxicity of other therapy, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy
*radioP↑,
ROS↑, Interestingly, due the over-produced ROS in cancer cells (38), the administration of hydrogen gas may lower the ROS level at the beginning, but it provokes much more ROS production as a result of compensation effect, leading to the killing of cancer
*Inflam↓, By regulating inflammation, hydrogen gas can prevent tumor formation, progression, as well as reduce the side effects caused by chemotherapy/radiotherapy
eff↑, More importantly, hydrogen-rich water didn't impair the overall anti-tumor effects of gefitinib both in vitro and in vivo, while in contrast, it antagonized the weight loss induced by gefitinib and naphthalene, and enhanced the overall survival rate
*TNF-α↓, hydrogen-rich saline treatment exerted its protective effects via inhibiting the inflammatory TNF-α/IL-6 pathway, increasing the cleaved C8 expression and Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and attenuating cell apoptosis in both heart and liver tissue
*IL6↓,
*cl‑Casp8↑,
*Bax:Bcl2↓,
*Apoptosis↓,
*cardioP↑,
*hepatoP↑,
*RenoP↑, Hydrogen-rich water also showed renal protective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
*chemoP↑, nother study showed that both inhaling hydrogen gas (1% hydrogen in air) and drinking hydrogen-rich water (0.8 mM hydrogen in water) could reverse the mortality, and body-weight loss caused by cisplatin via its anti-oxidant property
eff↝, More importantly, hydrogen didn't impair the anti-tumor activity of cisplatin against cancer cell lines in vitro and in tumor-bearing mice
chemoP↑, hydrogen-rich water combinational treatment group exhibited no differences in liver function during the treatment, probably due to its antioxidant activity, indicating it a promising protective agent to alleviate the mFOLFOX6-related liver injury
radioP↑, consumption of hydrogen-rich water reduced the radiation-induced oxidative stress while at the same time didn't compromise anti-tumor effect of radiotherapy
eff↑, Hydrogen Gas Acts Synergistically With Thermal Therapy
TumCG↓, in vivo study showed that under hydrogen gas treatment, tumor growth was significantly inhibited, as well as the expression of Ki-67, VEGF and SMC3
Ki-67↓,
VEGF↓,
selectivity↑, H2-silica could concentration-dependently inhibit the cell viability of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (KYSE-70) cells, while it need higher dose to suppress normal human esophageal epithelial cells (HEEpiCs), indicating its selective profi

2508- H2,    Molecular hydrogen is a promising therapeutic agent for pulmonary disease
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Sepsis, NA
*ROS↓, inhalation of 2% molecular hydrogen results in the selective scavenging of hydroxyl free radical (·OH) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-), significantly improving oxidative stress injury caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)
eff↝, Molecular hydrogen can exert biological effects on almost all organs, including the brain, heart, lung, liver, and pancreas.
*Inflam↓, including roles in the regulation of oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects
*NRF2↑, By stimulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates the basal and induces expression of many antioxidant enzymes
*HO-1↑, hydrogen can increase the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)
*SOD↑, increases the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and myeloperoxidase (MPO)
*Catalase↑,
*MPO↑,
*ASK1↓, Molecular hydrogen can block the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) signaling pathway
*NADPH↓, thereby inhibiting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity and decreasing free radical production
*Sepsis↓, Emerging evidence suggests that hydrogen can prevent sepsis, providing a novel treatment strategy for sepsis-induced ALI.
*HMGB1↓, Hydrogen attenuates tissue injury and dysfunction by inhibiting HMGB-1.
ROS↑, it has been shown that hydrogen pretreatment enhances ROS and the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins, stimulates NLRP3 inflammasome/gasdermin D (GSDMD) activation, and inhibits endometrial cancer
NLRP3↑,
GSDMD↑,
chemoP↑, Hydrogen can alleviate the side effects of conventional anti-cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and improve quality of life
eff↑, It significantly improves the physical status of patients, reduces fatigue, insomnia, anorexia, and pain, and decreases elevated tumor markers.

2525- H2,    Hydrogen-Rich Saline Attenuates Cardiac and Hepatic Injury in Doxorubicin Rat Model by Inhibiting Inflammation and Apoptosis
- in-vivo, NA, NA
OS↓, intraperitoneal injection of hydrogen-rich saline (H2 saline) ameliorated the mortality, cardiac dysfunction, and histopathological changes caused by DOX in rats
cardioP↑,
*AST↓, serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), albumin (ALB), tissue reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also attenuated after H2 saline treatment.
ALAT↓,
*ROS↓,
*MDA↓,
*hepatoP↑, H2 saline treatment could inhibit cardiac and hepatic inflammation
*Inflam↓,
chemoP↑, protective effect of H2 saline on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis.


Showing Research Papers: 1 to 10 of 10

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 10

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

BHB↑, 1,   CD47↓, 1,   HMGCS2↑, 1,   miR-124-3p↓, 1,   PFS↑, 1,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 5,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

PGC-1α↑, 1,   XIAP↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   SCD1↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↓, 2,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   Apoptosis↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,   GSDMD↑, 1,   IAP2/BIRC3↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

EZH2↓, 1,   other?, 1,   other↝, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

P53?, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

CDK4↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

PI3K↓, 1,   p‑PI3K↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 1,   Wnt↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

Ki-67↓, 1,   MALAT1↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 1,   TumCMig↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 2,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

Hif1a↓, 2,   VEGF↓, 2,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

BBB↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

Inflam↑, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,   NK cell↑, 1,  

Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ

NLRP3↑, 2,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

CDK6↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

ChemoSen↑, 5,   Dose↝, 2,   eff↑, 5,   eff↝, 2,   eff∅, 1,   selectivity↑, 3,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   EZH2↓, 1,   GutMicro↑, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   AntiTum↑, 1,   Appetite↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 1,   chemoP↑, 10,   cognitive↑, 1,   neuroP↓, 1,   NP/CIPN↓, 1,   OS↓, 1,   OS↑, 2,   Pain↓, 1,   QoL↑, 4,   radioP↑, 5,   RenoP↑, 1,   Sleep↑, 1,   toxicity∅, 1,   TumVol↓, 2,   TumVol↑, 1,   TumW↓, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

CD8+↑, 2,  
Total Targets: 72

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

compII↑, 1,   SpO2↑, 1,   Stroke↓, 1,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 3,   Catalase↑, 5,   Fenton↓, 1,   GPx↑, 3,   HO-1↑, 5,   lipid-P↓, 1,   MDA↓, 4,   MFN2↑, 1,   MPO↓, 2,   MPO↑, 1,   NOX4↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 6,   RNS↓, 1,   ROS↓, 7,   SOD↑, 6,   TBARS↓, 1,   VitE↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

ATP↑, 2,   compIII↑, 1,   MMP↑, 2,   PGC-1α↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 2,   BUN↓, 2,   KeyT↝, 1,   LDL↓, 1,   NADPH↓, 2,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↑, 2,   Apoptosis↓, 2,   ASK1↓, 1,   Bax:Bcl2↓, 1,   Bcl-2↑, 1,   Bcl-xL↑, 1,   Casp12↓, 1,   Casp3↓, 2,   cl‑Casp8↑, 1,   Casp9↓, 2,   GranB/GZMB↓, 1,   p‑JNK↓, 1,   p38↓, 1,   TUNEL↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

other↑, 1,   tumCV↓, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

CHOP/DDIT3↓, 1,   p‑eIF2α↓, 1,   ER Stress↓, 1,   GRP78/BiP↓, 1,   XBP-1↓, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

DNAdam↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

EMT↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,   p‑mTOR↓, 1,   PI3K↑, 2,   STAT3↑, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

APP↓, 1,   COL1↓, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 1,   TGF-β↑, 1,   Treg lymp↝, 1,   TumCI↓, 1,   TumCMig↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 1,   Vim↓, 1,   α-SMA↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

ATF4↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

IBI↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

CD25+↑, 1,   CD4+↑, 2,   FOXP3↑, 1,   HMGB1↓, 2,   IFN-γ↓, 1,   IL10↑, 2,   IL1β↓, 3,   IL2↓, 1,   IL4↓, 2,   IL4↑, 1,   IL6↓, 6,   Imm↑, 1,   Inflam↓, 7,   JAK2↑, 1,   LPS↓, 2,   M2 MC↑, 1,   MCP1/CCL2↓, 2,   NF-kB↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 1,   TLR4↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 6,  

Cellular Microenvironment(tgid=17) ⓘ

NOX↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ

Aβ↓, 1,   BACE/β-secretase↓, 1,   NLRP3↓, 2,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

BNP↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↝, 1,   Dose↓, 1,   Dose↑, 1,   Dose↝, 3,   eff↑, 2,   Half-Life↓, 1,   selectivity↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 2,   AST↓, 3,   creat↓, 3,   GutMicro↑, 1,   IL6↓, 6,   Urea↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

antiPs↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 3,   chemoP↑, 3,   cognitive↑, 1,   hepatoP↑, 5,   neuroP↑, 2,   Obesity↓, 1,   OS↑, 1,   radioP↑, 1,   RenoP↑, 2,   Weight↑, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

Sepsis↓, 2,  
Total Targets: 120

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: chemoP, ChemoProtective
10 Hydrogen Gas
1 Cisplatin
1 Chemotherapy
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:295  Target#:1171  State#:%  Dir#:%
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