Database Query Results : Boswellia (frankincense), , MATs

Bos, Boswellia (frankincense): Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Boswellia is an herbal extract from the Boswellia serrata tree that may help reduce inflammation.
May help with rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, and cancer.
-Naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoids include ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid (OA), betulinic acid (BetA), bosewellic acid (BA), Asiatic acid (AA), α-amyrin, celastrol, glycyrrhizin, 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid, lupeol, escin, madecassic acid, momordin I, platycodon D, pristimerin, saikosaponins, soyasapogenol B, and avicin
Boswellia refers to a group of resinous extracts obtained from Boswellia trees (e.g., Boswellia serrata). Traditionally used in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine, Boswellia is reputed for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immunomodulatory properties. Its bioactive components—such as boswellic acids.
Boswellic acids belong to the pentacyclic triterpenoid class (a broader chemical family that includes compounds such as ursolic acid and betulinic acid found in other plants) 
      3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) 
      11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) 
      α-boswellic acid (αBA) 
      β-boswellic acid (βBA) 
      3-acetyl-α-boswellic acid (AαBA) 
      3-acetyl-β-boswellic acid (AβBA)
-Anti-inflammatory Activity (blocking the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase) 5LOX↓,.
-AKBA inhibits methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A)***** (help in Methionine reduced diet?)
Boswellia extracts are often administered in doses ranging from 300 mg to 1,200 mg per day

AKBA (Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid) is a bioactive compound derived from Boswellia serrata, a plant used traditionally for its anti-inflammatory properties. (upto 30% AKBA in Boswellia MEGA AKBA)
AKBA also available in Inflasanum @ 90% AKDA (MCSformulas)

-Note half-life reports vary 2.5-90hrs?.
BioAv (bio availability increases with high fat meal)
Pathways:
- induce or lower ROS production (not consistant increase for cancer cells)
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, GRP78↑, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑,
- may Raise AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓ (context-dependent; stress/inflammatory MAPK modulation), Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓,
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : , MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, VEGF↓, NF-κB↓, CXCR4↓, ERK↓
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, ERK↓, TOP1↓,
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, Notch↓, PDGF↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK↓, ERK↓, JNK(JNK is activated under stress)
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Hepatoprotective,

- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 NF-κB axis (IKK → NF-κB; NF-κB-regulated genes) NF-κB ↓; downstream targets ↓ (COX-2, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2/Bcl-xL/IAPs, MMP-9, VEGF, CXCR4 etc.) Anti-inflammatory tone (context) R, G Anti-survival / anti-inflammatory transcription AKBA-class compounds suppress NF-κB signaling and reduce multiple NF-κB-regulated tumor programs in vitro and in vivo models.
2 5-LOX (leukotriene pathway) / eicosanoid signaling 5-LOX activity ↓ (context); pro-inflammatory eicosanoid signaling ↓ Anti-inflammatory support P, R Direct enzymatic / lipid-mediator suppression Boswellic acids are widely discussed as 5-LOX–linked anti-inflammatory agents; cancer relevance often tracks inflammation-driven growth signals.
3 Apoptosis (extrinsic + intrinsic; caspases; PARP) Apoptosis ↑; Caspase-8/3 ↑; cl-PARP ↑ (context) ↔ G Cell death execution Reported apoptosis induction includes death-receptor (e.g., DR5-associated) and caspase/PARP cleavage patterns in multiple tumor models.
4 Cell-cycle control (Cyclin D1 / checkpoints) Cyclin D1 ↓; proliferation ↓; arrest ↑ (context) ↔ G Cytostasis Often presented as downstream of NF-κB/survival signaling suppression and stress adaptation.
5 Invasion / metastasis programs (MMP-9, ICAM-1, CXCR4) Invasion markers ↓; MMP-9 ↓; ICAM-1 ↓; CXCR4 ↓ (context) ↔ G Anti-invasive phenotype In vivo tumor models report reductions in invasive and chemokine/migration biomarkers alongside NF-κB suppression.
6 Angiogenesis signaling (VEGF; VEGFR2-mediated angiogenesis) VEGF ↓; angiogenic outputs ↓ (context) ↔ G Anti-angiogenic support AKBA has been reported to suppress angiogenesis programs including VEGF signaling, with VEGFR2-mediated angiogenesis discussed in prostate cancer contexts.
7 PI3K → AKT (± mTOR) survival axis PI3K/AKT ↓ (reported; model-dependent) ↔ R, G Growth/survival suppression Commonly listed as a downstream survival pathway impacted by boswellic acids; keep as “reported” (not universal across all models).
8 MAPK re-wiring (ERK / JNK / p38) Stress-MAPK modulation (context-dependent) ↔ P, R, G Signal reprogramming MAPK direction varies by tumor type/dose and whether the experimental system is inflammatory vs cytotoxic.
9 Chemo-/radio-sensitization (combination relevance) Sensitization ↑ (context) — G Combination leverage Combination studies report enhanced tumor control when AKBA-class compounds are paired with other therapies (context and regimen dependent).
10 Bioavailability constraint (oral exposure; formulation dependence) Systemic exposure often limited without enhanced delivery — — Translation constraint Poor pharmacokinetics are a common limitation; multiple strategies (e.g., micellar delivery, bioenhancers) are studied to improve absorption.

Time-Scale Flag (TSF): P / R / G

  • P: 0–30 min (primary/physical–chemical effects; rapid enzymatic/kinase shifts)
  • R: 30 min–3 hr (acute redox + stress-response signaling)
  • G: >3 hr (gene-regulatory adaptation and phenotype-level outcomes)
MATs, Methionine Adenosyltransferases: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Tumor cells display a peculiar “methionine dependency” (i.e. an increased need for exogenous methionine), and many enzymes in methionine metabolism are dysregulated in malignancy.

MAT1A,– Primarily expressed in adult liver.
-Decreased MAT1A expression or loss of MAT1A activity is associated with reduced production of S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) and can contribute to malignant transformation.

MAT2A
-Elevated MAT2A expression is often correlated with enhanced proliferation and a worse prognosis, given its role in maintaining SAM levels in rapidly dividing tumor cells.

-In cancers outside the liver, upregulation of MAT2A and methionine transporters (along with downstream effects on methylation) signify aggressive behavior and may be used as prognostic indicators.

May be desirable to reduce Methionine in diet, and/or use AKBA to help reduce it, before chemo.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2779- Bos,    Identification of a natural inhibitor of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A regulating one-carbon metabolism in keratinocytes
- in-vitro, Nor, HaCaT - in-vitro, PSA, NA
*MATs↓, Findings AKBA directly interacts with methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A), inhibited its enzyme activity, decreased level of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and SAM/SAH ratio, and reprogrammed one‑carbon metabolism in HaCaT cells.
*SAM-e↓,


* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 1

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Total Targets: 0

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

SAM-e↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

MATs↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 2

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: MATs, Methionine Adenosyltransferases
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:47  Target#:1206  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=on  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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