Curcumin / AR Cancer Research Results

CUR, Curcumin: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Curcumin is the main active ingredient in Tumeric. Member of the ginger family.Curcumin is a polyphenol extracted from turmeric with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
- Has iron-chelating, iron-chelating properties. Ferritin. But still known to increase Iron in Cancer cells.
- GSH depletion in cancer cells, exhaustion of the antioxidant defense system. But still raises GSH↑ in normal cells.
- Higher concentrations (5-10 μM) of curcumin induce autophagy and ROS production
- Inhibition of TrxR, shifting the enzyme from an antioxidant to a prooxidant
- Strong inhibitor of Glo-I, , causes depletion of cellular ATP and GSH
- Curcumin has been found to act as an activator of Nrf2, (maybe bad in cancer cells?), hence could be combined with Nrf2 knockdown
-may suppress CSC: suppresses self-renewal and pathways (Wnt/Notch/Hedgehog).
Clinical studies testing curcumin in cancer patients have used a range of dosages, often between 500 mg and 8 g per day; however, many studies note that doses on the lower end may not achieve sufficient plasma concentrations for a therapeutic anticancer effect in humans.
• Formulations designed to improve curcumin absorption (like curcumin combined with piperine, nanoparticle formulations, or liposomal curcumin) are often employed in clinical trials to enhance its bioavailability.

-Note half-life 6 hrs.
BioAv is poor, use piperine or other enhancers
Pathways:
- induce ROS production at high concentration. Lowers ROS at lower concentrations
curcumin can act as a pro-oxidant when blue light is applied
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, UPR↑, GRP78↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓
- Lowers AntiOxidant defense in Cancer Cells: GSH↓ Catalase↓ HO1↓ GPx↓
but conversely is known as a NRF2↑ activator in cancer
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, uPA↓, VEGF↓, NF-κB↓, CXCR4↓, SDF1↓, TGF-β↓, α-SMA↓, ERK↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : HDAC↓, DNMT1↓, DNMT3A↓, EZH2↓, P53↑, HSP↓, Sp proteins↓,
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, ERK↓, EMT↓, TOP1↓, TET1↓,
- inhibits glycolysis /Warburg Effect and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, GLUT1↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, PFKs↓, PDKs↓, HK2↓, ECAR↓, OXPHOS↓, GRP78↑, GlucoseCon↓
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Notch↓, FGF↓, PDGF↓, EGFR↓, Integrins↓,
- inhibits Cancer Stem Cells : CSC↓, CK2↓, Hh↓, GLi1↓, CD133↓, CD24↓, β-catenin↓, n-myc↓, sox2↓, OCT4↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK↓, ERK↓, JNK, TrxR**,
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,

- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells Label Primary Interpretation Notes
1 NF-κB signaling ↓ NF-κB activation ↓ inflammatory NF-κB tone Driver Suppression of survival and inflammatory transcription NF-κB is a primary, repeatedly validated curcumin target explaining pleiotropic downstream effects
2 STAT3 signaling ↓ STAT3 phosphorylation / activity ↔ or mild suppression Driver Loss of pro-survival and proliferative signaling STAT3 inhibition contributes to growth arrest, apoptosis sensitization, and reduced cytokine signaling in tumors
3 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ↑ ROS (dose- & context-dependent) ↓ ROS / buffered Conditional Driver Biphasic redox modulation Curcumin can act as a pro-oxidant in cancer cells with high basal stress while acting antioxidant in normal cells
4 Mitochondrial integrity / intrinsic apoptosis ↓ ΔΨm; ↑ caspase activation ↔ preserved Driver Execution of intrinsic apoptosis Mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation occur downstream of NF-κB/STAT3 and ROS effects
5 PI3K → AKT → mTOR axis ↓ AKT / ↓ mTOR ↔ or adaptive suppression Secondary Reduced growth and anabolic signaling AKT/mTOR inhibition contributes to growth suppression and autophagy induction in cancer cells
6 Autophagy ↑ autophagy (protective or pro-death) ↑ adaptive autophagy Secondary Stress adaptation vs cell death Autophagy may be cytoprotective or cooperate with apoptosis depending on context and dose
7 HIF-1α / VEGF hypoxia–angiogenesis axis ↓ HIF-1α; ↓ VEGF ↔ minimal effect Secondary Anti-angiogenic pressure Suppression of hypoxia-driven transcription limits angiogenesis and tumor adaptation
8 Cell cycle regulation ↑ G2/M or G1 arrest ↔ largely spared Phenotypic Cytostatic growth control Cell-cycle arrest reflects upstream signaling and epigenetic effects rather than direct CDK inhibition
9 Migration / invasion (EMT, MMP axis) ↓ migration & invasion ↔ Phenotypic Anti-metastatic phenotype Reduced EMT markers and protease activity limit invasive behavior
10 Epigenetic regulation (p300/CBP HAT activity) ↓ histone acetylation ↔ modest Secondary Transcriptional reprogramming Curcumin modulates chromatin via HAT inhibition rather than classic HDAC inhibition


AR, androgen receptor: Click to Expand ⟱
Source: HalifaxProj(suppress signaling);CGL-Driver Genes
Type: Oncogene
Androgens play an important role in the proliferation, differentiation, maintenance and function of the prostate [1]. Intriguingly, they may also be involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation therapy can suppress hormone-naïve prostate cancer, but prostate cancer changes AR and adapts to survive under castration levels of androgen.

The prognostic significance of androgen receptor expression varies widely across different cancer types. In some cancers, high AR expression is associated with poor outcomes, while in others, it may indicate a better prognosis
High expression with poor prognosis is most common.

AR is used as a clinical biomarker for prostate therapy
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
145- CA,  CUR,    The anti-cancer effects of carotenoids and other phytonutrients resides in their combined activity
- in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, PC, DU145
AR↓, ARE/EpRE↑, TumCP↓, PSA↓,
142- CUR,    Effect of curcumin on the interaction between androgen receptor and Wnt/β-catenin in LNCaP xenografts
- in-vivo, Pca, LNCaP
AR↓, PSA↓,
131- CUR,    Modulation of AKR1C2 by curcumin decreases testosterone production in prostate cancer
- vitro+vivo, Pca, LNCaP - vitro+vivo, Pca, 22Rv1
AKR1C2↓, CYP11A1↓, HSD3B↓, DHT↓, testos↓, StAR↓, SRD5A1↑, AR↓, tumCV↓, TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑,
141- CUR,    Effect of curcumin on Bcl-2 and Bax expression in nude mice prostate cancer
- in-vivo, Pca, PC3
BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, TumCG↓, TumVol↓, TumW↓, Apoptosis↑, AR↓, Ca+2↑, MPT↑,
144- CUR,  Bical,    Combination of curcumin and bicalutamide enhanced the growth inhibition of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells through SAPK/JNK and MEK/ERK1/2-mediated targeting NF-κB/p65 and MUC1-C
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, PC, DU145 - in-vitro, PC, LNCaP
p‑ERK↑, p‑JNK↓, MUC1↓, p65↓, AR↓, TumCG↓, MEK↑, SAPK↑,
151- CUR,    Curcumin analogues with high activity for inhibiting human prostate cancer cell growth and androgen receptor activation
- in-vitro, Pca, 22Rv1 - in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP
AR↓, PSA↓, Dose↑,
152- CUR,    Anti-cancer activity of curcumin loaded nanoparticles in prostate cancer
- in-vivo, Pca, NA
β-catenin/ZEB1↓, AR↓, STAT3↓, p‑Akt↓, Mcl-1↓, Bcl-xL↓, cl‑PARP↑, miR-21↓, miR-205↑, TumCG↓, TumCP↓, TumCI↓, angioG↓, TumMeta↓,
157- CUR,    Curcumin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells by regulating the expression of IkappaBalpha, c-Jun and androgen receptor
- in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vitro, Pca, PC3
cJun↓, AR↓,
15- CUR,  UA,    Effects of curcumin and ursolic acid in prostate cancer: A systematic review
- Review, Pca, NA
NF-kB↝, Akt↝, AR↝, Apoptosis↝, Bcl-2↝, Casp3↝, BAX↝, P21↝, ROS↝, Bcl-xL↝, JNK↝, MMP2↝, P53↝, PSA↝, VEGF↝, COX2↝, cycD1/CCND1↝, EGFR↝, IL6↝, β-catenin/ZEB1↝, mTOR↝, NRF2↝, AP-1↝, Cyt‑c↝, PI3K↝, PTEN↝, Cyc↝, TNF-α↝,
122- CUR,  isoFl,    Combined inhibitory effects of soy isoflavones and curcumin on the production of prostate-specific antigen
- Human, Pca, LNCaP
PSA↓, AR↓,
125- CUR,    Bioactivity of Curcumin on the Cytochrome P450 Enzymes of the Steroidogenic Pathway
- in-vitro, adrenal, H295R
CYP17A1↓, CYP19↓, *Nrf1↑, *NF-kB↓, angioG↓, Apoptosis↑, AR↓, toxicity↓, BioAv↑,
183- CUR,    Curcumin down-regulates AR gene expression and activation in prostate cancer cell lines
- in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vitro, Pca, PC3
AR↓, AP-1↓, NF-kB↓, CBP↓,
165- CUR,    Curcumin interrupts the interaction between the androgen receptor and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in LNCaP prostate cancer cells
- in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP
AR↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, p‑Akt↓, GSK‐3β↓, p‑β-catenin/ZEB1↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, cMyc↓, chemoPv↑, TumCP↓,
138- QC,  CUR,    Sensitization of androgen refractory prostate cancer cells to anti-androgens through re-expression of epigenetically repressed androgen receptor - Synergistic action of quercetin and curcumin
- in-vitro, Pca, DU145 - in-vitro, Pca, PC3
DNMTs↓, AR↑, MMP↓,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 14 of 14

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 14

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

ARE/EpRE↑, 1,   NRF2↝, 1,   ROS↝, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

MEK↑, 1,   MMP↓, 1,   MPT↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

cMyc↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↝, 1,   p‑Akt↓, 2,   Apoptosis↑, 3,   Apoptosis↝, 1,   BAX↑, 1,   BAX↝, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 1,   Bcl-2↝, 1,   Bcl-xL↓, 1,   Bcl-xL↝, 1,   Casp3↝, 1,   CBP↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↝, 1,   JNK↝, 1,   p‑JNK↓, 1,   Mcl-1↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

cJun↓, 1,   miR-205↑, 1,   miR-21↓, 1,   tumCV↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNMTs↓, 1,   P53↝, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 1,   SAPK↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

Cyc↝, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↝, 1,   P21↝, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

p‑ERK↑, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 1,   mTOR↝, 1,   PI3K↝, 1,   PTEN↝, 1,   STAT3↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 4,  

Migration ⓘ

AKR1C2↓, 1,   AP-1↓, 1,   AP-1↝, 1,   Ca+2↑, 1,   MMP2↝, 1,   MUC1↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 3,   TumMeta↓, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 2,   β-catenin/ZEB1↝, 1,   p‑β-catenin/ZEB1↑, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 2,   EGFR↝, 1,   VEGF↝, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↝, 1,   IL6↝, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,   NF-kB↝, 1,   p65↓, 1,   PSA↓, 4,   PSA↝, 1,   TNF-α↝, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

AR↓, 12,   AR↑, 1,   AR↝, 1,   CYP11A1↓, 1,   CYP19↓, 1,   DHT↓, 1,   HSD3B↓, 1,   SRD5A1↑, 1,   StAR↓, 1,   testos↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↑, 1,   CYP17A1↓, 1,   Dose↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

AR↓, 12,   AR↑, 1,   AR↝, 1,   EGFR↝, 1,   IL6↝, 1,   PSA↓, 4,   PSA↝, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

chemoPv↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 1,   TumVol↓, 1,   TumW↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 89

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Nrf1↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

NF-kB↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 2

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: AR, androgen receptor
14 Curcumin
1 Carnosic acid
1 Bicalutamide
1 Ursolic acid
1 isoflavones
1 Quercetin
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:65  Target#:15  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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